Detection and Quantification of Breast Tumor Necrosis with MR Imaging

Metz, Stephan; Daldrup-Link, Heike E.; Richter, Thomas; Räth, Christoph; Ebert, Wolfgang; Settles, Marcus; Rummeny, Ernst J.; Link, Thomas M.; Piert, Morand

doi:10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80056-9

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition, Leek et al (20) suggested that aggressive invasive breast cancers rapidly outgrow their vascular supply in certain areas, leading to areas of prolonged hypoxia within the tumor and subsequently to necrosis. Our study showed correlation of intratumoral necrosis with the hyperintense area on T2-weighted images, as was established in a previous study of breast tumors (21). In our study, we found that one triplenegative breast cancer without necrosis that had very high signal intensity on T2-weighted images was an invasive micropapillary carcinoma with cyst formation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation between MR Imaging and Pathologic Findings

Uematsu¹,

Kasami²,

Yuen³

2009

Radiology

301

217

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation between MR Imaging and Pathologic Findings

Uematsu¹,

Kasami²,

Yuen³

2009

Radiology

301

217

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“…Nevertheless, these two studies exhibited kinetic parameters very similar to the mean values of the kinetic parameters from the entire group of malignant tumors. One reason for the failure of Gadofluorine M to detect necroses could be the attenuated convective force in poorly vacularized necrotic tissues, making prolonged (!24 h) imaging necessary for necrosis detection, as observed in previous studies using porphyrin and nonporphyrin contrast agents (28,29). Future studies with a model yielding more tumor necroses and imaging more than 24 h after contrast application may yet show Gadofluorine M to be effective for differentiation of necrotic from non-necrotic lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

MRI tumor characterization using Gd‐GlyMe‐DOTA‐perfluorooctyl‐mannose‐conjugate (Gadofluorine M™), a protein‐avid contrast agent

Raatschen

Swain

Shames

et al. 2006

Contrast Media & Molecular

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The rationale and objectives were to define the MRI tumor-characterizing potential of a new protein-avid contrast agent, Gd-GlyMe-DOTA-perfluorooctyl-mannose-conjugate (Gadofluorine M; Schering AG, Berlin, Germany) in a chemically induced tumor model of varying malignancy. Because of the tendency for this agent to form large micelles in water and to bind strongly to hydrophobic sites on proteins, it was hypothesized that patterns of dynamic tumor enhancement could be used to differentiate benign from malignant lesions, to grade the severity of malignancies and to define areas of tumor necrosis. Gadofluorine M, 0.05 mmol Gd kg(-1), was administered intravenously to 28 anesthetized rats that had developed over 10 months mammary tumors of varying degrees of malignancy as a consequence of intraperitoneal administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), 45-250 mg kg(-1). These tumors ranged histologically from benign fibroadenomas to highly undifferentiated adenocarcinomas. Dynamic enhancement data were analyzed kinetically using a two-compartment tumor model to generate estimates of fractional plasma volume (fPV), apparent fractional extracellular volume (fEV*) and an endothelial transfer coefficient (K(PS)) for this contrast agent. Tumors were examined microscopically for tumor type, degree of malignancy (Scarff-Bloom-Richardson score) and location of necrosis. Eighteen tumor-bearing rats were successfully imaged. MRI data showed an immediate strong and gradually increasing tumor enhancement. K(PS) and fEV*, but not fPV obtained from tumors correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with the SBR tumor grade, r = 0.65 and 0.56, respectively. Estimates for K(PS) and fEV* but not fPV were significantly lower in a group consisting of benign and low-grade malignant tumors compared with the group of less-differentiated high-grade tumors (1.61 +/- 0.64 vs 3.37 +/- 1.49, p < 0.01; 0.45 +/- 0.17 vs 0.78 +/- 0.24, p < 0.01; and 0.076 +/- 0.048 vs 0.121 +/- 0.088, p = 0.24, respectively). It is concluded that the protein-avid MRI contrast agent Gadofluorine M enhances tumors of varying malignancy depending on the tumor grade, higher contrast agent accumulation for more malignant lesions. The results show potential utility for differentiating benign and low-grade malignant lesions from high-grade cancers.

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“…2D). More recently this CA has been modified into Gadophrin-3 (three metal elements per molecule) by inserting a copper at the porphyrin core for improved stability and safety [38][39][40] (Fig. 2E), which somewhat resembles the copper-centered porphyrin found in shellfish with greencolored blood.…”

Section: Paramagnetic Metalloporphyrins: Po-tential Tumor-seeking Mr mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metalloporphyrins and Functional Analogues as MRI Contrast Agents

2008

CMIR

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Following the footprint of porphyrin-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), paramagnetic metalloporphyrins were originated as tumor seeking contrast agents (CAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, serial research has disproved their tumor selectivity, identified nonviable tissues as their real targets, and eventually elicited new applications in myocardial infarction delineation, tissue viability evaluation, ablation therapy assessment, as well as first pass or dynamic perfusion MRI, multi-organ contrast enhancement (CE), atherosclerotic plaque imaging and stem cell labeling or tracking. Furthermore, nonporphyrin analogues have been developed to reduce porphyrin related toxicities. These porphyrin and nonporphyrin compounds have been termed as necrosis-avid contrast agents (NACAs) to denote their major discovered affinity. The present review aims to document the evolving research in this particular field, to discuss possible mechanisms, to promote further preclinical and clinical development of this unique and promising class of MRI CAs, and to implicate a novel stroma targeting strategy for diagnosis and treatment of malignant and benign disorders.

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Detection and Quantification of Breast Tumor Necrosis with MR Imaging

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation between MR Imaging and Pathologic Findings

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Correlation between MR Imaging and Pathologic Findings

MRI tumor characterization using Gd‐GlyMe‐DOTA‐perfluorooctyl‐mannose‐conjugate (Gadofluorine M™), a protein‐avid contrast agent

Metalloporphyrins and Functional Analogues as MRI Contrast Agents

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