The crystalline carbon nanotubes having mesopores that are open at one end, with pore width of 4 ( 0.8 nm, were characterized by XRD, XPS, and HRTEM. The N 2 adsorption isotherm of multiwall carbon nanotubes was measured at 77 K. A hump was observed near P/P 0 ) 0.4 in the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption isotherm was deconvoluted into those on the inner and external surfaces using the separately determined total, inner, and external surface areas. The adsorption isotherm on the inner surface was without adsorption hysteresis and had a sharp uptake at the P/P 0 region corresponding to the mesopore width, which was ascribed to capillary condensation in the mesopores of carbon nanotubes.
Edema, defined as high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, is a useful breast MRI finding, which compensates for the moderate specificity of breast MRI. Although diffuse breast edema can be caused by benign and malignant etiologies, focal edema is commonly associated with malignancy except for previous procedures including biopsy and surgery. For more accurate comprehension of the appropriate usage of breast edema, focal breast edema should be divided into three different types: peritumoral edema, prepectoral edema, and subcutaneous edema. It is useful to review and clarify these types of focal breast edema based on pathological findings as this may help predict the likelihood of malignancy in breast MRI lesions.
MR imaging was the most accurate breast imaging modality for the tumor exten of breast cancer, although MR imaging had a substantial of risk of overestimation. MR imaging, MDCT and US can complement MMG for the preoperative evaluation of patients who are candidates for breast-conserving surgery.
This article reviews various non-mass-like ultrasonography (US) findings of the breast and the sonographic-pathologic correlation with Doppler techniques, elastography, and MRI. High-resolution US allows for identification of small, clinically occult non-mass-like US findings. Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive lobular carcinoma usually manifest as a non-mass-like lesion on US. It is useful to classify non-mass-like lesions on US in a similar manner to the classification of non-mass-like enhancement on MRI.
Purpose:To investigate the histopathological characteristics of breast carcinomas with strong high-signal intensity (SHi) on T2-weighted (T2W) MR images (T2-SHi), and discuss the differential diagnosis between T2-SHi breast carcinomas and T2-SHi fibroadenomas.
Materials and Methods:Thirty of 480 breast carcinomas examined by MRI were defined as tumors with T2-SHi (defined as homogeneous higher signal intensity (SI) compared to surrounding normal breast tissue on fat-suppressed T2W imaging (T2WI). They included eight mucinous and 22 nonmucinous carcinomas. The histopathological characteristics of T2-SHi breast carcinomas, their signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) on T2WI, contrast-enhancement patterns, and morphology were compared with those of 22 non-T2-SHi breast carcinomas and 19 T2-SHi fibroadenomas.
Results:In nonmucinous carcinomas T2-SHi was attributable to a mixture of background matrix, a higher proportion of cells than stroma, abundant cytoplasm, edematous stroma, and hemorrhage. The significantly high SNR (mean ϭ 75) and enhancing internal septations seen in mucinous carcinomas, and the washout phenomenon, irregular border, absence of internal septation, and rim enhancement seen in nonmucinous carcinomas provide useful information for differentiating these tumors from T2-SHi fibroadenomas.
Conclusion:A mixture of several histopathological characteristics was associated with T2-SHi breast carcinomas. The combined information from T2WI and contrast-enhanced (CE) imaging may help distinguish T2-SHi breast carcinomas from T2-SHi fibroadenomas. BREAST MRI is now widely used to diagnose and characterize suspected breast lesions identified by mammography and ultrasonography. Contrast-enhanced (CE) breast MRI has a high sensitivity (approximately 90%) but lower specificity (37-86%) for detecting breast carcinoma (1-9). Attempts have been made to increase its specificity, and some studies have indicated that careful analysis of T2-weighted images (T2WI) can aid in establishing a differential diagnosis (10 -15).T2WI are typically used to identify and characterize cysts. Typical breast carcinomas have shorter T2 relaxation times and display lower signal intensity (SI) on T2WI than benign lesions (16,17). However, many benign lesions and some carcinomas, including mucinous (colloid) carcinomas (18), have a long T2 relaxation time and are occasionally difficult to distinguish from cysts on T2WI alone. The SI of fibroadenomas on T2WI, and the histopathological correlation have been analyzed. Myxoid and edematous fibroadenomas yield strong high-SI (SHi) on T2WI (T2-SHi) (19,20). However, few studies have examined the correlation between SI on T2WI and histopathology of carcinoma.Since it remains to be determined why some breast carcinomas other than mucinous carcinomas display T2-SHi, we investigated the histopathological characteristics of breast carcinomas with T2-SHi. We discuss the diagnostic utility of the combined information provided by T2-SHi and the enhancement patterns and morphology on CE images for differentiat...
In vitro high-resolution helical CT can detect the internal structure of small nodes. Morphologic changes detected on helical CT help distinguish benign from malignant nodes.
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