Detection and Monitoring of Fruit Flies in Africa

Manrakhan, Aruna

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43226-7_12

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The Sensus traps contained a dichlorvos tablet that killed the adult flies once they entered the trap. The trapping systems and method of monitoring were chosen as they follow the industry guidelines for citrus production in South Africa (Manrakhan 2023). Traps were placed in the same row as the 10 data trees used for the fallen fruit analysis.…”

Section: Monitoring Of Fruit Flymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of permanent protective netting on insect pest prevalence in citrus orchards in South Africa

Marsberg,

Peyper,

Kirkman

et al. 2024

Afr. Entomol.

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The use of protective netting is becoming an increasingly popular practice in the citrus industry in South Africa. However, data on its effects on biotic factors, particularly insect pests, are limited. This study focused on the effect nets have on key citrus pests in the Eastern Cape province. Orchards under nets and open orchards, of similar cultivars, ages and management practices, were monitored at several sites over two seasons for pest infestation and damage. Weekly monitoring was conducted for Thaumatotibia leucotreta infestation. Other pests were monitored either monthly or once a season. During the first season, T. leucotreta infestation was higher in orchards under nets, probably because, unlike the open orchards, the nets provided protection for the existing high levels of T. leucotreta. No T. leucotreta infestation was recorded in both orchard types in 2019. This was due to generally lower than usual pest abundance and dramatically improved area-wide management of T. leucotreta. Pheromone traps were used to monitor T. leucotreta males, including sterile moths used in a sterile insect technique programme. Although higher catches of wild T. leucotreta moths were recorded in orchards under nets, so too were there higher numbers of sterile moths and a higher ratio of sterile to wild moths, indicating the potential for better pest suppression for orchards under nets. Various other key pests were monitored during this time, with variable results for each species. Pests that were elevated under nets include Planococcus citri and Aonidiella aurantii. Pests that seemed to be lower under nets were Ceratitis capitata and Scirtothrips aurantii. Nets had no effect on Empoasca distinguenda, Penthimiola bella and Eriophyes sheldoni. These differences in pest levels in netted and open orchards trigger an important debate on whether nets are beneficial for or detrimental to the successful implementation of an integrated pest management programme.

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Section: Monitoring Of Fruit Flymentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of permanent protective netting on insect pest prevalence in citrus orchards in South Africa

Marsberg,

Peyper,

Kirkman

et al. 2024

Afr. Entomol.

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“…General information on trapping, types of traps, lures and required density of trapping stations can be found in IAEA (2013), Shelly et al (2014) and Manrakhan (2016). Specific trapping information can be found in Mwatawala et al (2015).…”

Section: Trapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest survey card on Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis quilicii

Schrader¹,

Camilleri²,

Diakaki³

et al. 2019

EFS3

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This pest survey card was prepared in the context of the mandate on plant pest surveillance (EFSA-Q-2017-00831), upon request by the European Commission. The purpose of this document is to assist the Member States in planning annual survey activities of quarantine organisms using a statistically sound and risk-based pest survey approach, in line with the current international standards. The data requirements for such activity include the pest distribution, its host range, its biology, risk factors as well as available detection and identification methods. This document is part of a toolkit that consists of pest-specific documents, such as the pest survey cards and generic documents relevant for all pests to be surveyed, including, the general survey guidelines and statistical software such as RiBESS+.

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“…Such knowledge is predicated on proper fruit fly species identification and quantification of the levels of host infestation which are fundamental for establishing the economic status of the pests and ultimately for developing and adopting effective pest control interventions [22,23] Two approaches have been traditionally used to provide the aforementioned needed information: (1) effective tools based on food baits and male lures for monitoring and estimating the abundance of adult fruit flies, and (2) systematic fruit samplings to determine host range and quantify the levels and rates of fruit infestations by the various fruit fly species present in the systems. The latter is often complemented with random fruit sampling from areas outside the targeted cultivated fields to determine the fruit fly host range [23,24]. Ideally, monitoring tools and host fruit infestations should be tested and used over several years and in multiple environments to establish sufficient details of the bio-ecological context where management options will be developed and implemented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The male lures methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate are known to, respectively, attract Bactrocera and Ceratitis species, while Culure is known to attract various (though not all) Dacus species [24,30,31]. For principally females, several food baits including Torula yeast, Mazoferm, and Nulure have been developed and used to attract and monitor several fruit fly species [25,28,[30][31][32]. To our knowledge, monitoring the performance of food baits and male lures on fruit flies under the various environments that are prevalent in Central Africa, is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tephritid Fruit Fly Species Composition, Seasonality, and Fruit Infestations in Two Central African Agro-Ecological Zones

Nanga

Hanna

Kuate

et al. 2022

Insects

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Bactrocera dorsalis and several Africa-native Ceratitis species are serious constraints to fruit production in sub-Saharan Africa. A long-term trapping and fruit collection study was conducted (2011–2016) in two contrasting agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Cameroon to determine fruit fly species composition, seasonality, attraction to various lures and baits, and fruit infestation levels. Ten tephritid species from genera Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus, and Perilampsis were captured in traps. Bactrocera dorsalis was the most dominant of the trapped species and persisted throughout the year, with peak populations in May–June. Ceratitis spp. were less abundant than B. dorsalis, with Ceratitis anonae dominating in the western highland zone and Ceratitis cosyra in the humid forest zone. Methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate captured more B. dorsalis and Ceratitis spp., respectively than Torula yeast. The latter was the most effective food bait on all tephritid species compared with BioLure and Mazoferm. Bactrocera dorsalis was the dominant species emerging from incubated fruits, particularly mango, guava, and wild mango. Four plant species—I. wombolu, Dacryodes edulis, Voacanga Africana and Trichoscypha abut—were new host records for B. dorsalis. This study is the first long-duration and comprehensive assessment of frugivorous tephritid species composition, fruit infestations, and seasonality in Central Africa.

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Detection and Monitoring of Fruit Flies in Africa

Cited by 6 publications

References 101 publications

The effect of permanent protective netting on insect pest prevalence in citrus orchards in South Africa

The effect of permanent protective netting on insect pest prevalence in citrus orchards in South Africa

Pest survey card on Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis quilicii

Tephritid Fruit Fly Species Composition, Seasonality, and Fruit Infestations in Two Central African Agro-Ecological Zones

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