Detection and Molecular Typing of Human Adenoviruses Associated with Respiratory Illnesses in Kerala

Thounaojam, Asia Devi; Balakrishnan, Anukumar; Mun, Amol Baburao

doi:10.7883/yoken.jjid.2015.414

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…HAdVs are highly contagious pathogens that are known to be involved in a broad spectrum of human diseases, including respiratory diseases 5 , conjunctivitis, cystitis 6 , encephalitis 7 , and gastroenteritis 8 . Species C members are recognized as the primary pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections among pediatric patients 9–11 , especially infants who are less than two years old 12 . Generally, HAdV-C infection may be asymptomatic or mild and self-limiting but could lead to severe effects in immunocompromised hosts, such as transplant recipients 13–15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adenovirus species C recombinant virus continuously circulated in China

Yang

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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To date, at least three lineages (Lineage 1–3) that are related to recombinant human adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) have been identified in China. Among them, Lineage 1 includes two Chinese strains, strain KR699642-CHN-20093 (CBJ11) and strain MF315029-CHN-2013 (BJ09), which were collected in Beijing in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Herein, we performed genomic and bioinformatics analysis of two HAdV-C strains (strain SX-2000-140 and strain SX-2004-327) that were isolated from the feces of two healthy children in Shanxi province of China in 2000 and 2004, respectively. Results revealed that the genomes of both Shanxi strains had the highest homology to two Chinese HAdV-C strains belonging to Lineage 1 and harbored the genetic elements of these two strains, thereby presuming that Lineage1 has been circulated in mainland of China for decades. In addition, though the viruses in Lineage 1 showed slightly different recombinant patterns resulting from the recombinant events among the five types of HAdV-C, all the Lineage 1 viruses shared the highest sequence similarities with the HAdV-2 prototype strain (NC_001405-USA-1953) across the genome, especially in the major capsid genes including hexon, and fiber. These results indicated that Lineage 1 viruses that were associated with recombinants shared a common ancestor that is closely related to the HAdV-2 virus. Our current findings confirmed that frequent recombination among the different HAdV-C types might be an important driving force for the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. Therefore, there is a strong need for further comprehensive and systematic monitoring, detection, and research on HAdV-C.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adenovirus species C recombinant virus continuously circulated in China

Yang

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…Upon its discovery in the 1950s [15], HAdV-E4 was largely considered restricted to and controlled by vaccine in the US military population, with rare detections among civilians, such as school children in the Netherlands in 1958 [16], users of a private swimming pool in the USA in 1977 [17], and conjunctivitis patients in Japan in 1979 [18]. More recently, surveillance for HAdV has improved, and evidence of HAdV-E4 infections among civilian populations in the USA, Italy, West Africa, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Malaysia, and Singapore have been increasingly reported [8,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. Due to the historical lack of HAdV genotyping surveillance, it is unknown whether HAdV-E4 is a new or re-emerging pathogen in SEA.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviral Infections in Singapore: Should New Antiviral Therapies and Vaccines Be Adopted?

Coleman

Wong

Jayakumar

et al. 2019

The Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background A number of serious human adenovirus (HAdV) outbreaks have been recently reported: HAdV-B7 (Israel, Singapore, and USA), HAdV-B7d (USA and China), HAdV-D8, -D54, and -C2 (Japan), HAdV-B14p1 (USA, Europe, and China), and HAdV-B55 (China, Singapore, and France). Methods To understand the epidemiology of HAdV infections in Singapore, we studied 533 HAdV-positive clinical samples collected from 396 pediatric and 137 adult patients in Singapore from 2012 to 2018. Genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify HAdV genotypes, clonal clusters, and recombinant or novel HAdVs. Results The most prevalent genotypes identified were HAdV-B3 (35.6%), HAdV-B7 (15.4%), and HAdV-E4 (15.2%). We detected 4 new HAdV-C strains and detected incursions with HAdV-B7 (odds ratio [OR], 14.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1–52.0) and HAdV-E4 (OR, 13.6; 95% CI, 3.9–46.7) among pediatric patients over time. In addition, immunocompromised patients (adjusted OR [aOR], 11.4; 95% CI, 3.8–34.8) and patients infected with HAdV-C2 (aOR, 8.5; 95% CI, 1.5–48.0), HAdV-B7 (aOR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.2–10.9), or HAdV-E4 (aOR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1–8.9) were at increased risk for severe disease. Conclusions Singapore would benefit from more frequent studies of clinical HAdV genotypes to identify patients at risk for severe disease and help guide the use of new antiviral therapies, such as brincidofovir, and potential administration of HAdV 4 and 7 vaccine.

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“…Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are nonenveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Adenoviridae family. To date, a total of 90 HAdV subtypes have been documented and classified into 7 species (A–G) according to their serological and molecular characteristics 1 – 3 . A variety of severe diseases with a broad range of symptoms, such as acute febrile respiratory disease, conjunctivitis, cystitis, gastroenteritis, myocarditis, and even life-threatening pneumonia are caused by HAdV infections in healthy adults and particularly in immunocompromised infants or young children 2 , 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HAdV species B (HAdV-B3, B7, B21, and B55) and C (HAdV-C1, C2, C5, and C6) are the most common viruses responsible for severe respiratory infections worldwide 1 , 5 – 11 . HAdV-4, the only member of human adenovirus species E, has been a significant cause of acute respiratory disease in the US military recruits since its identification in the 1950s 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high susceptibility to HAdV-4 infection and the high communicability among incoming recruits during basic training might be attributable to the low level of pre-existing immunity in these individuals as well as the closed and crowded conditions in barracks 12 . However, outbreaks of severe acute febrile respiratory disease and even pneumonia due to HAdV-4 infections have recently occurred among populations of children in India, Taiwan, and South Korea 1 , 2 , 5 , 13 , 14 , as well as in healthy immunocompetent adults in the United States, Italy, and Singapore 15 – 17 . Increasing attention has been paid to HAdV-4-associated illnesses during the past 6 decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiological investigation of HAdV-4 infection among healthy adults in China and in Sierra Leone, West Africa

Wang¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2018

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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An apparent increase in the frequency of human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) infections among general populations has been observed over the past 10 years. However, available epidemiological data that may reflect previous viral circulation and assist in predicting potential outbreaks are sparse, particularly in mainland China and Africa. In this study, a convenient neutralization assay for use in the surveillance of historical HAdV-4 infections was established based on a recombinant luciferase-expressing virus. Subsequently, the neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) of 1013 healthy adult serum samples from China and Sierra Leone were evaluated. Our results showed that over 50% of the participants from China and nearly 70% of donors from Sierra Leone had detectable nAbs against HAdV-4 despite the few infection cases officially reported in these regions. Furthermore, the prevalence of nAbs to HAdV-4 is lower than that to HAdV-5, and both varied by geographic location. In addition, the seropositive rates of both HAdV-4 and HAdV-5 nAbs increased with age. However, the nAbs stimulated by HAdV-4 remained stable at low (≤200) levels among the different age groups, whereas moderate (201–1000) or high (>1000) nAb levels were produced by HAdV-5 and tended to decrease with age. These results elucidate the human humoral immune response against HAdV-4 and revealed that this virus may be an underestimated causative agent of respiratory disease among adults in China and West Africa, demonstrating the importance of HAdV-4 surveillance and providing useful insights for the future development of HAdV-4-based vaccines.

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Detection and Molecular Typing of Human Adenoviruses Associated with Respiratory Illnesses in Kerala

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Human adenovirus species C recombinant virus continuously circulated in China

Human adenovirus species C recombinant virus continuously circulated in China

Adenoviral Infections in Singapore: Should New Antiviral Therapies and Vaccines Be Adopted?

Seroepidemiological investigation of HAdV-4 infection among healthy adults in China and in Sierra Leone, West Africa

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