Detection and molecular characterization of diarrhea causing viruses in single and mixed infections in children: A comparative study between Bangladesh and Turkey

Abstract

The incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea differ among countries. The prevalence of different enteric viruses, their molecular characteristics, and infections with multiple viruses might affect the disease incidence and mortality caused by diarrhea. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution and molecular characteristics of enteric viruses in children with diarrhea in Turkey and Bangladesh. A total of 288 stool samples that were negative for group A rotavirus were collected from children aged <5 years with acute diarrhea who presented to hospitals in Turkey and Bangladesh. The samples were screened for human bocavirus (HBoV), astrovirus (HAstV), norovirus (NoV), and adenovirus (AdV). Phylogenetic analyses of the targeted virus genes were performed. In Turkey, viruses were detected in 87/150 samples (58%), which included 69 (79.3%) with single viruses and 18 (20.7%) with multiple viruses. AdV was the most common virus, followed by HBoV. In Bangladesh, viruses were detected in 123/138 samples (89.1%), which included 29 (23.6%) with single viruses and 94 (76.4%) with multiple viruses. NoV GII was the most common, followed by AdV. The dominant genotypes among the virus species were HBoV 2A, HAstV 1, NoV GI type 1, and AdV 40. For NoV GII, the Hunter variant of genotype 4 in Turkey and genotype 17 in Bangladesh were the most common among the sequenced strains. It was concluded that the distribution of the viruses associated with diarrhea in Turkish and Bangladeshi children was different. Enteric viruses and mixed infections were more prevalent in Bangladesh than in Turkey.

DNA Microarray for Detection of Gastrointestinal Viruses

“…An additional advantage of the microarray test compared to a set of different RT-PCR assays is the capacity to identify viruses that are not commonly tested for, such as those previously associated with diarrhea (like HPeV) and those of unclear clinical significance in GI disease (HBoV and TTV). In this work we found a wide range of circulating atypical viruses among children, similarly as observed in other studies (79,80), and their continuous surveillance should be considered. To our knowledge, this is first report of HPeV, HBoV, and TTV in Mexican children.…”

Frequency and molecular characterization of human norovirus in Erzurum, Turkey

“…A study conducted to determine the distribution and molecular characteristics of enteric viruses in children with diarrhea in Turkey and Bangladesh determined the GI.1 and GII.4 genotypes in Turkish children (24).…”

“…Noroviruses were responsible for 42% of food-borne infections in the United States in 2009 and 2010 (21). There are limited numbers of studies on norovirus gastroenteritis conducted in Turkey (22)(23)(24).…”

Investigation of Seven Different RNA Viruses Associated with Gastroenteritis in Children Under Five Years Old

“…Ancak bu çalışma için örneklerin toplandığı süre içerisinde herhangi bir gastroenterit salgını olmamıştır. Ülkemizde norovirus (NoV) ile ilgili olarak yapılan çalışmalarda, akut gastroenteritli olgularda prevalans ortalama %15 oranında bildirilmekte ve en sık saptanan genogrubun NoV GII olduğu ifade edilmektedir [31][32][33][34] . Çöl ve arkadaşlarının 35 çalışmasın-da akut gastroenteritli 520 çocuğun 50 (%9.6)'sinde norovirus pozitifliği saptanmış ve bunların %50'sinin 0-24 aylık çocuklar olduğu vurgulanmıştır.…”

“…Astrovirus oranı; Özdemir ve arkadaşlarının 22 çalış-masında %1.7, Mitui ve arkadaşlarının 34 çalışmasında Türk hasta grubunda %2.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Astroviruslar ile ilgili olarak yaptığımız kaynak araştırmasında ülkemize ait başka veriye ulaşılamamıştır.…”