Detection and imaging of surface corrosion on steel reinforcing bars using a phase-sensitive inductive sensor intended for use with concrete

Miller, Graham; Gaydecki, Patrick; Quek, Sung; Fernandes, Bosco; Zaid, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/s0963-8695(02)00057-9

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The studies show that nano‐and micro‐scale magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is a significant component of the corrosion materials along with lepidocrocite (gamma‐FeOOH), akaganeite (beta‐FeOOH) and goethite (alpha‐FeOOH). Consequently, NDT (non‐destructive testing) developments have led to the use of inductive (low‐frequency – KHz) electromagnetic methods for the non‐invasive detection of corroded steel components (Zhang et al ; Miller et al ). Unfortunately, the potential of higher frequency (200 MHz and above) GPR‐based EM technologies have yet to be realized, despite the ability to successfully map the location of reinforcing bars and imbedded steel components to a high degree of accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency‐dependent attenuation and velocity characteristics of nano‐to‐micro scale, lossy, magnetite‐rich materials

Cassidy

2008

Near Surface Geophysics

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In many situations, the magnetic properties of sub‐surface materials are often considered unimportant when compared to their ‘dielectric’ characteristics (i.e., the permittivity and conductivity). However, if significant amounts of magnetic minerals exist, such as magnetite, hematite, maghemite, etc., then the relaxation phenomena of these magnetically lossy minerals can have a significant effect on the complex apparent permittivity of the materials. In this paper, the apparent complex permittivity, attenuation and propagation characteristics of a range of nano‐to‐micro scale quartz/magnetite mixtures are investigated with the aim of determining how the lossy magnetic minerals affect the propagation of ground‐penetrating radar waves in the near‐surface environment. In addition, the investigated results are compared to popular ‘dielectric‐based’ mixing models (such as the complex refractive index model – CRIM) where the performance of the model is evaluated in terms of its appropriateness for practical situations. The results indicate that even with relatively low amounts of magnetite, the magnetic materials can have a considerable effect on the attenuation, wave propagation velocity and interface reflectivity and that the current non‐linear complex mixing models (such as CRIM) are inadequate for the description of nano‐to‐micro scale, magnetically lossy mixtures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency‐dependent attenuation and velocity characteristics of nano‐to‐micro scale, lossy, magnetite‐rich materials

Cassidy

2008

Near Surface Geophysics

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“…In order to detect the shift in frequency, the output from the sensor was compared to a fixed frequency reference signal generated by a crystal oscillator. The comparison was performed using a phase-sensitive detector and frequency-to-voltage converter [7,9,17,20].…”

Section: Sensor Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-sensor array inductive scanner for rapid imaging of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete

Fernandes¹,

Gaydecki²,

Sung³

et al. 2001

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Ultrasonic method [1,2], X-ray method [3,4], magnetic flux leakage (DC field) method [5][6][7], electromagnetic induction (AC field) method [8][9][10][11][12][13], microwave radar system [14][15][16], and thermography technology [17][18] have been used to evaluate the break, the location, or the corrosion of the steel rebar in concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Steel Rebar in Concrete Using Electromagnetic Method

He¹

2019

Failure Analysis

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The corrosion of steel reinforcing bar (rebar) is the leading cause of deterioration of concrete. In Japan, many railway bridges were built 40 years ago. It is necessary to develop easy-operation method to evaluate the corrosion of steel rebar. A project about the corrosion evaluation of steel rebar was started in 2015. In this project, we have two objectives: one is to evaluate the depth and the diameter of steel rebar in concrete; another is to evaluate the corrosion of steel rebar in concrete. We developed electromagnetic methods to do nondestructive evaluation of the steel reinforcing bar (rebar) in concrete. Using two probes and lower excitation frequencies of 3.8 and 4.2 kHz, the depth and the diameter of the steel reinforcing bar can be evaluated. Using higher excitation frequency of about 80 kHz, and the X, Y signals of the lock-in amplifier, where the X signal is the same phase signal with the AC excitation magnetic field and Y signal is the 90°phase different signal with the AC excitation magnetic field, we could evaluate the corrosion of steel rebar. A compact system with low power consumption of 0.5 W was developed, and we also did some field experiments using this system.

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Detection and imaging of surface corrosion on steel reinforcing bars using a phase-sensitive inductive sensor intended for use with concrete

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Frequency‐dependent attenuation and velocity characteristics of nano‐to‐micro scale, lossy, magnetite‐rich materials

Frequency‐dependent attenuation and velocity characteristics of nano‐to‐micro scale, lossy, magnetite‐rich materials

A multi-sensor array inductive scanner for rapid imaging of reinforced and pre-stressed concrete

Evaluation of Steel Rebar in Concrete Using Electromagnetic Method

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