Detection and distribution of arginine derivatives in Panax quinquefolius L. and investigations of their antioxidant properties

Gao, Fei-Fei; Zhang, Weiyun; Liu, Limin; Chang, Chun–Ju; Han, Li; Wei, Chunyan; Li, Wei; Song, Zhiqing; Zheng, Yajuan

doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2012.04.022

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…AF has greater radical scavenging activity for hydroxyl radical and DPPH than AFG [20, 21]. This result was similar to a previous study, which proposed that the Maillard reaction products AF and AFG could be valuable materials for the development of nutraceutical food with antioxidant activity [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Park

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2015

Trials

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BackgroundA previous study reported that arginyl-fructose may have great value as a functional food with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. However, there have been few clinical studies on the efficacy of arginyl-fructose supplementation for blood glucose control.MethodsIn this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 60 Korean subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to placebo or test groups. The test group subjects received 1500 mg/day arginyl-fructose. Fasting serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and free fatty acids were measured by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests at baseline and after the 6-week intervention. Eleven subjects dropped out or were excluded during the trial. The data for the remaining 49 were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and paired t-test.ResultsAfter the 6-week intervention, the test group showed significant reductions in serum glucose levels at 30 minutes (−19.4 ± 5.62 mg/dL) and 60 minutes (−15.4 ± 7.01 mg/dL) and reduced glucose area under the curve (−27.4 ± 8.59 mg/dL) compared with those of the placebo control group. The changes (differences from baseline) in serum glucose levels at 60 minutes and glucose area under the curve in the test group differed significantly from those in the control group even after adjusting for baseline values. In contrast, glucose-related biomarkers including hemoglobin A1c, insulin, and C-peptide levels were not significantly improved by the dietary intervention with arginyl-fructose.ConclusionsArginyl-fructose supplementation (1500 mg/day) may be beneficial for reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02285231. Registered 11 May 2014.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1036-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Park

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2015

Trials

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“…The decluttering potential (DP, 80 V), collision energy (CE), and cell exit potential (CXP, 11 V) were optimized to improve the optimum sensitivity and selectivity. After optimization on the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) system and based on previous work, the expected molecular mass of [M + H] + 499.2 was observed and two MRM ion transitions were determined by AFG (Figure B). The optimized two fragment ions and CE values for each transition were 499.2 → 70.0 (30 and 93 V) and 499.2 → 112.1 (30 and 35 V) (Figure C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arginyl-fructosyl-glucose, a Major Maillard Reaction Product of Red Ginseng, Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating Nuclear Factor κB and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways

Zhang

Yan

et al. 2019

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Recently, although ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) and its main component saponins (ginsenosides) have been reported to exert protective effects on cisplatin (CDDP)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), the beneficial activities of non-saponin on CDDP-induced AKI is little known. This research was designed to explore the protective effect and underlying mechanism of arginyl-fructosyl-glucose (AFG), a major and representative non-saponin component generated during the process of red ginseng, on CDDP-caused AKI. AFG at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg remarkably reversed CDDP-induced renal dysfunction, accompanied by the decreased levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Interestingly, all of oxidative stress indices were ameliorated after pretreatment with AFG continuously for 10 days. Importantly, AFG relieved CDDP-induced inflammation and apoptosis in part by mitigating the cascade initiation steps of nuclear factor κB signals and regulating the participation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal pathway. In conclusion, these results clearly provide strong rationale for the development of AFG to prevent CDDP-induced AKI.

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“…Aqueous AGE was obtained from Wakunaga of America (Mission Viejo, CA, USA) with the Kyolic brand name, and its content of the benchmark component SAC measured (see the analysis below). FruArg was synthesized by refluxing L-arginine and D-glucose according to the published protocol ( Figure 1 ) [32] , and its purity and stability measured by thin layer chromatograph as previously described [14] , 1 H- and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, as well as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide, 2-mercaptoethanol, neocuproine, [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), broad-spectrum NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N -ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), protein inhibitor cocktail, LPS (rough strains) from Escherichia coli F583 (Rd mutant) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FruArg was initially extracted from Korean red ginseng as a novel substrate of nitric oxide synthase [14] , [15] . It has been also identified as a major component in AGE and is generally present at 2–2.5 mM concentration [16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Aged Garlic Extract and Its FruArg Component on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglial Cells

Zhou

Mossine

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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Aged garlic extract (AGE) is widely used as a dietary supplement, and is claimed to promote human health through anti-oxidant/anti-inflammatory activities with hypolipidemic, antiplatelet and neuroprotective effects. Prior studies of AGE have mainly focused on its organosulfur compounds, with little attention paid to its carbohydrate derivatives, such as N-α-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-L-arginine (FruArg). The goal of this study is to investigate actions of AGE and FruArg on antioxidative and neuroinflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine BV-2 microglial cells using a proteomic approach. Our data show that both AGE and FruArg can significantly inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in BV-2 cells. Quantitative proteomic analysis by combining two dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) with mass spectrometry revealed that expressions of 26 proteins were significantly altered upon LPS exposure, while levels of 20 and 21 proteins exhibited significant changes in response to AGE and FruArg treatments, respectively, in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Notably, approximate 78% of the proteins responding to AGE and FruArg treatments are in common, suggesting that FruArg is a major active component of AGE. MULTICOM-PDCN and Ingenuity Pathway Analyses indicate that the proteins differentially affected by treatment with AGE and FruArg are involved in inflammatory responses and the Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress response. Collectively, these results suggest that AGE and FruArg attenuate neuroinflammatory responses and promote resilience in LPS-activated BV-2 cells by suppressing NO production and by regulating expression of multiple protein targets associated with oxidative stress.

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Detection and distribution of arginine derivatives in Panax quinquefolius L. and investigations of their antioxidant properties

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Antihyperglycemic effect of short-term arginyl-fructose supplementation in subjects with prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial

Arginyl-fructosyl-glucose, a Major Maillard Reaction Product of Red Ginseng, Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating Nuclear Factor κB and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Pathways

Proteomic Analysis of the Effects of Aged Garlic Extract and Its FruArg Component on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglial Cells

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