Detection and Characterization of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Young Children in Hanoi, Vietnam

Abstract

Diarrhea continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in developing countries. Escherichia coli is an emerging agent among pathogens that cause diarrhea. The development of a highly applicable technique for the detection of different categories of diarrheagenic E. coli is important. We have used multiplex PCR by combining eight primer pairs specific for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). This facilitates the identification of five different categories of diarrheagenic E. coli from stool samples in a single reaction simultaneously. The prevalences of diarrheagenic E. coli were 22.5 and 12% in the diarrhea group and the control group, respectively. Among 587 fecal samples from Vietnamese children under 5 years of age with diarrhea, this technique identified 132 diarrheagenic E. coli strains. This included 68 samples (11.6%) with EAEC, 12 samples (2.0%) with EIEC, 39 samples (6.6%) with EPEC, and 13 samples (2.2%) with ETEC. Among the 249 age-matched controls, 30 samples were positive for diarrheagenic E. coli. The distribution was 18 samples (7.2%) with EAEC, 11 samples (4.4%) with EPEC, and 1 sample (0.4%) with ETEC.

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

“…In the current study, as in many reports, the resistance rates of ampicillin, cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and tetracycline antibiotics were high and more than 39 % of the isolates showed resistance to these antibiotics (Putnam et al, 2004;Estrada-García et al, 2005;Nguyen et al, 2005). Resistance rates of EPEC to different antibiotics, however, differ noticeably between countries (Putnam et al, 2004;Estrada-García et al, 2005;Diniz-Santos et al, 2006;Nguyen et al, 2006;Pérez et al, 2010), which may reflect differences in the effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programs.…”

“…This is higher than prevalence rates mentioned in similar reports from Thailand (3.2 %) and Tanzania (4.6 %) and lower than those mentioned in reports from Vietnam (6.6 %) and Kuwait (8.4 %) (Ratchtrachenchai et al, 2004;Nguyen et al, 2005;Moyo et al, 2007; Albert et al, 2009). However, EPEC rates vary greatly among different countries (Robins-Browne et al, 2004;Al-Gallas et al, 2007), which may reflect geographical specificities and other factors.…”

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis: A potential instigator of colitis

“…In contrast, in studies conducted to date, children under the age of 1 are colonized apparently asymptomatically with ETBF. [11][12][13]16 Together, these results suggest a critical shift in the mucosal response to ETBF associated with age and likely other factors including diet or other environmental exposures.…”

“…ETBF are associated with diarrheal illnesses in animals, children, and adults. [11][12][13] In considerably more limited data, ETBF have been linked to IBD where these bacteria have been identified in mucosal washings of IBD patients and associated with clinically active IBD. 14,15 However, in all human studies evaluating ETBF colonization to date, a sizeable number of individuals (≈4%-30%) appear to be colonized, apparently asymptomatically, with ETBF.…”

Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011

“…1,2 The DEC can be categorized as pathotypes on the basis of gene-specific sequences. The six known pathotypes include Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC).…”