Detection and Characterization of Benomyl-Resistant<i>Monilinia laxa</i>on Apricots

Ogawa, J. M.; Manji, B. T.; Bostock, Richard M.; Cañez, V. M.; Bose, E

doi:10.1094/pd-69-29

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The establishment of fungicide-resistant M. fructicola strains in Europe might aggravate problems in disease control due to lowered efficiency of spray programmes. Fungicide resistance has been found in M. laxa in the USA (Ogawa et al, 1984;Osorio et al, 1994), as well as in Europe. Guizzardi et al (1995) studied the sensitivity of M. laxa isolates from Italian stone fruit orchards to benomyl and dicarboximides, and found cultures which grew on agar containing even a hundred times the normal fungicide dose.…”

Section: Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest risk assessment for the countries of the European Union (as PRA area) on Monilinia fructicola

Leeuwen¹,

Baayen²,

Jeger

2001

EPPO Bulletin

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A pest risk assessment was performed according to the EPPO Standard PM 5/3 to determine the probability of introduction of Monilinia fructicola into the countries of the European Union (EU) and its potential economic impact. Data on the biology of the pathogen were combined with trade pathways and information on the use of commodities in order to quantify risk. On the basis of the EPPO Standard, we concluded that there is a serious risk that M. fructicola could become established in the EU, with significant economic losses as a result. This justifies the phytosanitary measures currently in place in the EU.

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Section: Establishmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest risk assessment for the countries of the European Union (as PRA area) on Monilinia fructicola

Leeuwen¹,

Baayen²,

Jeger

2001

EPPO Bulletin

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Integrated Management Of Stone Fruit Diseases

Sholberg

Kappel

2008

Integrated Management of Diseases Caused by Fungi, Phytoplasma and Bacteria

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Laboratory Evaluation of Three Rapid, Agar-Based Assays to Assess Fungicide Sensitivity in Monilinia fructicola

et al. 2008

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Three rapid, agar-based assays were compared with a traditional petri dish method for assessing the sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola to propiconazole (0.3 and 2.0 μg/ml), thiophanate-methyl (1.0 and 50 μg/ml), and azoxystrobin (1.0 and 35 μg/ml) in the laboratory. The three assays were based on mycelial growth inhibition on agar disks sliced from lipbalm tubes filled with fungicide-amended potato dextrose agar (PDA), on PDA-coated cotton swabs, or in PDA-filled microcentrifuge tubes. Mycelial growth inhibition of eight previously characterized isolates (two resistant to propiconazole, two highly resistant to thiophanate-methyl, two with low levels of resistance to thiophanate-methyl, and two sensitive to all three fungicides) was determined visually 24, 48, and 72 h after inoculation. The 48-h time point was the earliest suitable time to collect data for all methods because insufficient growth was recorded in the petri dish and tube assays after 24 h. With the exception of the swab assay, all methods classified the isolates previously determined to be fungicide sensitive correctly (i.e., no fungal growth was observed for these isolates). For propiconazole-resistant isolates, the lipbalm assay resulted in levels of growth inhibition very similar to the petri dish method, whereas the swab assay and the tube assay overestimated and underestimated, respectively, the level of resistance. Both the lipbalm and the swab assays classified isolates correctly as being thiophanate-methyl resistant, and both were able to discriminate the isolates previously classified as having low versus high levels of resistance when treated with this fungicide at 50 μg/ml, as was the petri dish method. None of the eight isolates which previously were determined to be azoxystrobin sensitive grew on azoxystrobin-amended media, regardless of the assay type. Overall, the average percentage of correct isolate classifications (relative to their previously determined resistance status) on propiconazole- and thiophanate-methyl-amended media after 48 h ranged from 87.5 to 100, 85.3 to 100, 63.2 to 94.5, and 50.5 to 81.0% for the petri dish, lipbalm, swab, and tube assays, respectively. The lipbalm assay provided the most accurate assessments (85.3 to 100%) after only 24 h of incubation, supporting its use as a rapid and simple tool to monitor resistance levels in M. fructicola field populations.

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Detection and Characterization of Benomyl-ResistantMonilinia laxaon Apricots

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Pest risk assessment for the countries of the European Union (as PRA area) on Monilinia fructicola

Pest risk assessment for the countries of the European Union (as PRA area) on Monilinia fructicola

Integrated Management Of Stone Fruit Diseases

Laboratory Evaluation of Three Rapid, Agar-Based Assays to Assess Fungicide Sensitivity in Monilinia fructicola

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