“…The SIMS technique, introduced in the early 1960s by Castaing and Slodzian~1981!, is used for the chemical characterization of solid surfaces mainly in geochemistry, microelectronics, and material sciences. But a few years ago, the analysis of biological samples by ion microscopy was developed in the biomedical, nuclear, and botanic fields~Clerc et al, 1997;Grignon et al, 1997;Hidié et al, 2001;Kahn et al, 2002;Guerquin-Kern et al, 2005;Tessier et al, 2009!. As part of this research program, it was interesting to visualize the uranium accumulation in the different structures of renal cortex. In previous studies the uranium concentrations have been measured in the whole organ, but the distribution of this element in the different segments of nephron is not known as well as the sites selectivity of uranium retention within each structure.…”