Detecting the Carotenoid Pigmentation due to Haloarchaea Microbes in the Lonar Lake, Maharashtra, India Using Sentinel-2 Images

Bhattacharjee, Rajarshi; Choubey, Abhinandan; Das, Nilendu; Ohri, Anurag; Gaur, Shishir

doi:10.1007/s12524-020-01219-z

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…S2A and S2B were commissioned in orbit in 2015 and 2017, respectively. The important usage for S2 images has been in studying lake ecology and water quality parameter estimation at a finer scale (Bresciani et al 2018 ; Bhattacharjee et al 2020 ). The temporal resolution of the S2A imager is 10 days, but it gets reduced to 5 days when both the sensors are operational.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the change in water quality parameters along river Ganga at Varanasi, Mirzapur and Ghazipur using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite data during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown associated with COVID-19

et al. 2022

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The proper functioning of the river ecosystem has been symbolised by healthy aquatic life. The river Ganga has shown signs of rejuvenation due to lockdown. In this study, an attempt has been made to analyse the change in river water quality using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 imageries. The quantitative analysis has been performed for temperature and normalised difference turbidity index (NDTI). The qualitative analysis has been performed for pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and total suspended solids (TSSs). Ghazipur, Varanasi and Mirzapur stretches have been selected for this study. In the Ghazipur stretch, the river temperature decreased by 7.14% in May 2020 (lockdown period) as compared to May 2019 (1 year before lockdown). Similarly, in the Varanasi stretch, this decrease has been by 8.62%, and in the Mirzapur stretch, this decrease has been by 12.06% in May 2020 compared to May 2019. For the same period, NDTI in the Ghazipur, Varanasi and Mirzapur stretch has been decreased by 0.22, 0.26 and 0.24, respectively. The pH and DO of the river increased, and TSS decreased for the considered time period. The lockdown during the second wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 was not helpful for river rejuvenation. This study elicited how the behaviour of the parameters changed during the lockdown. Research highlights River Ganga becomes much cleaner in the lockdown period (May 2020) compared to the pre-lockdown time. In the Mirzapur stretch, the temperature decreased most in May 2020 as compared to May 2019. In the Varanasi stretch, there is a maximum variation in the NDTI value in May 2020 in comparison with that of May 2019. The most significant task will be to maintain river conditions during post-lockdown similar to that prevailed during lockdown. In the second wave COVID-19 lockdown the river again became polluted like the pre-COVID times.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the change in water quality parameters along river Ganga at Varanasi, Mirzapur and Ghazipur using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite data during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown associated with COVID-19

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“…The Lonar Lake water had turned pink during June 2020 due to the presence of Haloarchaea microbes (Fig. 7 ) (Bhattacharjee et al, 2021 ; Ali and Ali, 2021 ). Several media reported this event of 11th June 2020; however, a similar color change of water from green to brown was observed in June 2019 also.…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of the Lonar Impact Cratermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2020, it was prominent owing to the color change from green to brown to pinkish red (Mishra et al, 2021 ). Bhattacharjee et al ( 2021 ) used Sentinel-2 datasets from January 2020 to June 2020 and found out that the microbial bloom might have occurred between May 31 and June 5 with the help of several calculated indices. The red–orange carotenoids produced by the microbes give the water a pink tint that was even detectable from outer space.…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of the Lonar Impact Cratermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The red–orange carotenoids produced by the microbes give the water a pink tint that was even detectable from outer space. Haloarchaea survives in high salinity and has flourished due to less rainfall, high regional temperatures and less human interaction during COVID-19 lockdown (Bhattacharjee et al, 2021 ).

Fig.…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of the Lonar Impact Cratermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The red-orange carotenoids produced by the microbes give the water a pink tint that was even detectable from outer space. Haloarchaea survives in high salinity and has flourished due Table 1 The physico-chemical characteristics of Lonar Lake water compiled from various sources 2010), ( 8) Babar ( 2010), (9) Yannawar and Bhosle ( 2013), ( 10) Borul ( 2012), ( 11) Reddy et al (2015), ( 12 to less rainfall, high regional temperatures and less human interaction during COVID-19 lockdown (Bhattacharjee et al, 2021).…”

Section: Ecological Importance Of the Lonar Impact Cratermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lonar Impact Crater, India: the Best-Preserved Terrestrial Hypervelocity Impact Crater in a Basaltic Terrain as a Potential Global Geopark

et al. 2022

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Lonar Impact Crater is a simple meteorite impact crater carved out on the ~ 65 Ma old Deccan tholeiitic flood basalts. The crater, though scoured in a basaltic terrain, is still preserved in its most pristine form, with a central crater lake. The geomorphology, geochemistry, geochronology, hydrology, geophysical parameters, and structural aspects of Lonar Crater have been explored in detail, but still continue to contribute valid scientific insights into the geology of terrestrial impact craters. Lonar serves as a potential analog site for studying impact cratering on planetary surfaces with basaltic terrains such as the Moon and Mars. Besides being a highly recognizable impact crater in India, the Lonar crater and its hinterland stand out with its archeological relevance and spiritual influence among the people. The numerous temples in and around the crater premises uphold the cultural significance of the region. The crater and adjacent areas are rich in flora and fauna representing a diverse ecosystem in the vastness of the arid Deccan Flood Basalts. Hence, the astrobleme and its surrounding is declared a Ramsar site and is also a protected wildlife sanctuary. The Indian Government has also declared the crater a National Geological Monument as well as an archaeological monument. Furthermore, the astrobleme is a unique site with socio-cultural and economic significance. With these plethoras of importance, combined with the geological and socio-cultural aspects in its hinterland, together with the most acclaimed UNESCO world heritage centers Ajantha and Ellora caves in the neighborhood, it stands as the right candidate for a UNESCO Global Geopark. However, the crater and its ecosystem are not preserved well enough, and the uniqueness of the crater is diminishing. But after selection as a Ramsar site, the area shows increased vegetation growth. The SWOT analysis conducted in this study accounts for Lonar Crater and its adjoining areas as a potential global geopark. Thus, through this study, we try to propagate the vivid and myriad importance of the Lonar crater and the necessity of protecting this geological monument from both anthropogenic and natural processes and to appraise the necessity for nominating this area as a UNESCO Global Geopark.

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Analysis of algal bloom intensification in mid-Ganga river, India, using satellite data and neural network techniques

Bhattacharjee

Gupta

Das

et al. 2022

Environ Monit Assess

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and less turbid river water can be considered as possible reasons for algal bloom development. In this work, the optical remote sensing-based Sentinel 2 datasets have been used for the duration of mid-May 2021 to mid-June 2021. These datasets have been processed in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, and chlorophyll concentration has been calculated using different satellite-based indices or band ratios. The chlorophyll concentration measurements have quantified the algal bloom growth. These indices or band ratios have been analyzed using several artificial neural network (ANN) architectures like multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) along with the in situ values. It has been found that chlorophyll concentration has been highest for the mid-June 2021 time period in the considered river stretch.

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Detecting the Carotenoid Pigmentation due to Haloarchaea Microbes in the Lonar Lake, Maharashtra, India Using Sentinel-2 Images

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Analysing the change in water quality parameters along river Ganga at Varanasi, Mirzapur and Ghazipur using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite data during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown associated with COVID-19

Analysing the change in water quality parameters along river Ganga at Varanasi, Mirzapur and Ghazipur using Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite data during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown associated with COVID-19

Lonar Impact Crater, India: the Best-Preserved Terrestrial Hypervelocity Impact Crater in a Basaltic Terrain as a Potential Global Geopark

Analysis of algal bloom intensification in mid-Ganga river, India, using satellite data and neural network techniques

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