Detecting Lateral Motion using Light’s Orbital Angular Momentum

Cvijetic, Neda; Milione, Giovanni; Ip, Ezra; Wang, Ting

doi:10.1038/srep15422

Cited by 124 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…It has been recently demonstrated quantum entanglement involving angular momenta as high as hundreds [6,8]. The manipulation and measurement of OAM states can be reached with high precision [5,[9][10][11], which leads to new applications of OAM states, such as detecting of a spinning object and lateral motion [12,13].Although, in principle, there are infinite synthetic degrees of freedom for OAM states, how to construct some functional devices by manipulating them in the synthetic dimension become a subject to be developed. Recently, a new kind of photonics simulator based on energy-degenerated optical cavities has been theoretically presented, which can support a large number of OAM modes [14].…”

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confidence: 99%

Degenerate cavity supporting more than 31 Laguerre–Gaussian modes

et al. 2017

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Photons propagating in Laguerre-Gaussian modes have characteristic orbital angular momenta, which are fundamental optical degrees of freedom. The orbital angular momentum of light has potential application in high capacity optical communication and even in quantum information processing. In this work, we experimentally construct a ring cavity with 4 lenses and 4 mirrors that is completely degenerate for LaguerreGaussian modes. By measuring the transmitted peaks and patterns of different modes, the ring cavity is shown to supporting more than 31 Laguerre-Gaussian modes. The constructed degenerate cavity opens a new way for using the unlimited resource of available angular momentum states simultaneously. The Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes are solutions for beam profiles with circularly symmetric. They are written in cylindrical coordinates using Laguerre polynomials and shown to obtained well-defined orbital angular momentum (OAM) [1]. The phase fronts of light beams in OAM eigenstates rotate, clockwise for positive OAM values, anti-clockwise for negative values, which could result in some unique features. The synthetic dimension with the values of OAM defined as the dimensional basis is recognized as a unique asset in many studies, including high-capacity optical communication [2,3], versatile optical tweezers [4], quantum information and quantum foundation [5][6][7]. It has been recently demonstrated quantum entanglement involving angular momenta as high as hundreds [6,8]. The manipulation and measurement of OAM states can be reached with high precision [5,[9][10][11], which leads to new applications of OAM states, such as detecting of a spinning object and lateral motion [12,13].Although, in principle, there are infinite synthetic degrees of freedom for OAM states, how to construct some functional devices by manipulating them in the synthetic dimension become a subject to be developed. Recently, a new kind of photonics simulator based on energy-degenerated optical cavities has been theoretically presented, which can support a large number of OAM modes [14]. By taking advantage of such kind of optical cavity, one can simulate photonics topological matters, as well as construct all-optical devices by manipulating in photonic synthetic dimension [15,16]. All such potentially novel applications are ascribed to set up a kind of degenerate optical cavity, which can support plenty of energy-degenerated OAM modes.Here, we present an experimental framework using numbers of OAM states in an optical cavity simultaneously, which is referred to a degenerate cavity. Different from previous works with OAM in cavities [17,18], we precisely measure the transmitted peaks and beam profles of different modes in the cavity, which is shown to supporting more than 31 LG modes. Moreover, the constructed cavity is in principle completely degenerate, which can be used to generate lasers and entangled photon sources with high dimensional LG modes [19][20][21][22] and other related fields [23][24][25].The theoretical framework of a degenera...

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Degenerate cavity supporting more than 31 Laguerre–Gaussian modes

et al. 2017

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“…Then, the relative phase difference between the two OAM modes is given by (See Methods section for details) 29,36,40 : Δφ = atan I -− I Q-I OP − I =RP (2) We note that reports have shown the complex OAM spectrum measurement using an interferometer 34,35 , which might be sensitive to the setup vibration since its two branches usually have different optical paths. However, the approach in this work is based on non-interference 29,36,40 and may provide a more stable phase measurement.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The use of structured beams has recently been investigated in imaging 4,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] , sensing 4,11,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] , and communications 4,11,37,38 and other applications 4,11,39 , including using OAM basis for single-frequency imaging and sensing in the radio frequency domain 24 and the quantum domain 20 . It may be desirable to design a complex OAM spectrum analyzer in the classical optical domain and explore its potential to provide information that could not be readily obtained using the traditional approach.…”

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confidence: 99%

Using a complex optical orbital-angular-momentum spectrum to measure object parameters

et al. 2017

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Light beams can be characterized by their complex spatial profiles in both intensity and phase.Analogous to time signals, which can be decomposed into multiple orthogonal frequency functions, a light beam can also be decomposed into a set of spatial modes that are taken from an orthogonal basis. Such a decomposition can provide a tool for spatial spectrum analysis, which may allow the stable, accurate and robust extraction of physical object information that may not be readily achievable using traditional approaches. As an example, we measure the opening angle of an object using the complex spectrum of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes as the basis, achieving a >15 dB signal-to-noise ratio. We find that the dip (i.e., notch) positions of the OAM intensity spectrum are dependent on an object's opening angle but independent of the object opening's angular orientation, whereas the slope of the OAM phase spectrum is dependent on the object opening's orientation but independent on the opening angle.2

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“…By illuminating an object with light, and then measuring the transmitted, reflected, or scattered light's spiral spectrum [Eq. (2)], an object's structure, rotational velocity, and lateral motion were remotely sensed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] . However, in these works, the phases of a light beam's constituent OAM modes [Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%