“…Recently, spatially structured beams of light have been used extensively for multiple applications, such as 3D surface imaging, quantum cryptography, remote sensing, and correlated imaging [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Among them, the Laguerre–Gauss (LG) modes are particularly important, as they possess orbital angular momentum (OAM) [ 22 , 23 ] and allow the construction of OAM modes of light.…”