Detailed petrogenesis of the unsampled Oceanus Procellarum: The case of the Chang'e-5 mare basalts

He, Qing; Li, Yi‐Heng; Baziotis, Ioannis; Qian, Yuqi; Xiao, Long; Wang, Zaicong; Zhang, Wen; Luo, Biji; Neal, C. R.; Day, James M.D.; Pan, Fa-Bin; She, Zhenbing; Wu, Xiang; Hu, Zhaochu; Zong, Keqing; Wang, Lu

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115082

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…KREEP-rich materials were once considered to account for generating the young volcanism 55 – 57 . CE-5 basalts truly have relatively high abundance of incompatible trace elements and their pattern is KREEP-like, but their concentrations do not reach the levels of KREEP basalts 31 , 33 , 34 , 47 – 49 . Nevertheless, the involvement of KREEP materials in the evolution of late-stage basalts based on CE-5 samples remains controversial 31 , 47 , 48 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Preliminary works have identified that the CE-5 returned soil sample is basically comprised of a type of lunar basalt that have never been sampled before 31 , 33 , 34 . In comparison with the mare samples collected from previous missions, the bulk composition of pyroxene in CE-5 samples (both soils and clasts) is relatively iron and calcium-rich based on electron microprobe analysis (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spectral interpretation of late-stage mare basalt mineralogy unveiled by Chang’E-5 samples

et al. 2022

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The western maria of lunar near-side are widely covered with late-stage mare basalts. Due to the lack of returned samples, the mineralogy of the late-stage basalts was previously speculated as having high abundance of olivine based on remote sensing observation. However, here we show that Chang’E-5 (CE-5) lunar soil samples, the ground truth from past unsampled lunar late-stage mare region, give a different interpretation. Our laboratory spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of the CE-5 soil samples demonstrate that their special spectral signatures are representative of iron-rich high-Ca pyroxene rather than olivine. Considering the spectral and compositional similarities between CE-5 soil samples and lunar late-stage basalts, the mineralogy and petrology of CE-5 samples may be able to be generalized to entire lunar late-stage basalts. Our study would provide a constraint on the thermal evolution of the Moon, especially the young lunar volcanism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral interpretation of late-stage mare basalt mineralogy unveiled by Chang’E-5 samples

et al. 2022

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“…2.0 Ga and younger than any Apollo and Luna samples (Che et al 2021;Li et al 2021), shedding new light on the late-stage evolution of the Moon. Several studies have reported the petrology, geochemistry and volatile contents of the Chang'E-5 basalts (Che et al 2021(Che et al , 2022Hu et al 2021;Li et al 2021;Tian et al 2021;He et al, 2022;, as well as the bulk compositions of lunar soils (Li et al, 2022;Zong et al, 2022), suggesting that this basalt represents a new type of rock characterized by a higher FeO (> 22 wt.%) content and a lower Mg# (< 34; =100 × Mg/[Mg + Fe]) compared to the Apollo and Luna samples. The olivine and clinopyroxene crystals in the Chang'E-5 basalts also show lower Mg# than the low-Ti basalts from Apollo 12 and 15 missions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrogenesis of Chang’E-5 mare basalts: Clues from the trace elements in plagioclase

Tian,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

American Mineralogist

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This study focuses on using the chemical compositions of plagioclase to further investigate the petrogenesis of Chang'E-5 young mare basalts and constrain its parental melt composition. Together with previously published data, our results show that the plagioclase in mare basalts overall displays large variations in major and trace element concentrations. Inversion of the plagioclase data indicates that the melt compositions parental to Chang'E-5 basalts have high rare earth elements (REE) concentrations similar to the high-K KREEP rocks (potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus). Such a signature is unlikely to result from the assimilation of KREEP components, because the estimated melt Sr shows positive correlations with other trace elements (e.g., Ba, La), which are far from the KREEP endmembers. Instead, the nearly parallel REE distributions and a high degree of trace element enrichment in plagioclase indicate an extensive fractional crystallization process. Furthermore, the estimated melt REE concentrations from plagioclase are slightly higher than those from clinopyroxene, consistent with its relatively later crystallization. Using the Ti partition coefficient between plagioclase and melt, we estimated the parental melt TiO 2 content from the earliest crystallized plagioclase to be ~3.3 wt.%, thus providing robust evidence for a low-Ti and non-KREEP origin for the Chang'E-5 young basalts in the Procellarum KREEP terrane.

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“…The CE‐5 lunar samples can be regarded as the weathering and mixing products of local rocks (∼91 wt%, Qian, Xiao, Head, & Wilson, 2021), with minimal ejecta materials from Harpalus, Copernicus, and Aristarchus craters (Qian, Xiao, Head, Wöhler, et al., 2021). Previous research (Che et al., 2021; He et al., 2022; Jiang et al., 2021; C. Li et al., 2022; Tian et al., 2021; D. Zhang et al., 2022) mainly focused on the bulk and silicate mineral chemistry of CE‐5 soils and basalt fragments, while new knowledge on the noncrystalline and pressure‐sensitive phases, as well as nonmare materials in the soils, is still insufficient. Here, using the micro‐Raman spectroscopic technique, we evaluate mineral chemistry, modal abundance, and shock effects of CE‐5 soils on the micron scale and constrain the source materials of these unique samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CE-5 lunar samples can be regarded as the weathering and mixing products of local rocks (∼91 wt%, , with minimal ejecta materials from Harpalus, Copernicus, and Aristarchus craters (Qian, Xiao, Head, Wöhler, et al, 2021). Previous research (Che et al, 2021;He et al, 2022;Jiang et al, 2021;C. Li et al, 2022;Tian et al, 2021;D.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Raman Spectroscopic and Microimage Analysis Perspective of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Samples

Cao

Wang

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Chang'e‐5 (CE‐5) materials represent the youngest returned lunar samples. We performed a detailed Raman spectroscopic survey (1259‐point Raman modal analysis) to evaluate the mineralogical characteristics of CE‐5 soils, constraining the source materials and shock effects of these unique samples. The mineral chemistry (e.g., Mg#3‐60 for mafic minerals) and modal abundance (first distinguishing basaltic and feldspathic glasses) of CE‐5 mare soils are different from those of Apollo high‐ and low‐Ti basalts, possibly representing an intermediate‐Ti mare basalt. The occurrence of minor Mg‐rich materials (Mg# > 70) provides evidence of contamination from ∼5% to 7% exogenous materials, possibly related to Mg‐suite rocks. The microimage analyses suggest that the CE‐5 soils are fine‐grained, mature, and unimodal particle‐size distribution, highlighting that micrometeorite reworking dominates the CE‐5 regolith evolution with minor mixing from nonmare materials. The pressure‐sensitive minerals (quartz and maskelynite) indicate that 17–25.8 GPa shock pressures might be the higher limit in a relatively young lunar terrain.

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Detailed petrogenesis of the unsampled Oceanus Procellarum: The case of the Chang'e-5 mare basalts

Cited by 46 publications

References 66 publications

Spectral interpretation of late-stage mare basalt mineralogy unveiled by Chang’E-5 samples

Spectral interpretation of late-stage mare basalt mineralogy unveiled by Chang’E-5 samples

Petrogenesis of Chang’E-5 mare basalts: Clues from the trace elements in plagioclase

A Raman Spectroscopic and Microimage Analysis Perspective of the Chang'e‐5 Lunar Samples

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