Desulfurization of Gasoline Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Tetrabutylammonium Bromide

Gosu, Vijayalakshmi; Kumar, R.; Ramalingam, Anantharaj; Kumar, U. K. Arun; Kashyap, Amit Kumar; Subbaramaiah, Verraboina

doi:10.1021/acs.jced.2c00172

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Sulfur-containing hydrocarbons (Figure ) − emit sulfur oxides (SO x ) during combustion, which harm human health and destroy the environment. Researchers have developed various desulfurization technologies, such as extraction, ,− adsorption, − oxidation, − and a combination of these methodologies to overcome the above-mentioned problems. − …”

Section: Heterocyclic Compound Extraction Using Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on EDS using DESs as extractants indicate that the critical factors affecting the EDS performance are DES structures, the initial sulfur contents in oil, the DES/oil mass ratio, the degree of mutual solubility, temperature, extraction time, the number of extraction stages, etc. ,− The EDS performance is affected by HBA and HBD structures. Li et al .…”

Section: Relevant Extractive Separation With Il Analogs (Deep Eutecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrocarbon Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Yu,

Dai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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Separation and reaction processes are key components employed in the modern chemical industry, and the former accounts for the majority of the energy consumption therein. In particular, hydrocarbon separation and purification processes, such as aromatics extraction, desulfurization, and denitrification, are challenging in petroleum refinement, an industrial cornerstone that provides raw materials for products used in human activities. The major technical shortcomings in solvent extraction are volatile solvent loss, product entrainment leading to secondary pollution, low separation efficiency, and high regeneration energy consumption due to the use of traditional organic solvents with high boiling points as extraction agents. Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of designable functional solvents or materials, have been widely used in chemical separation processes to replace conventional organic solvents after nearly 30 years of rapid development. Herein, we provide a systematic and comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art progress in ILs in the field of extractive hydrocarbon separation (i.e., aromatics extraction, desulfurization, and denitrification) including (i) molecular thermodynamic models of IL systems that enable rapid large-scale screening of IL candidates and phase equilibrium prediction of extraction processes; (ii) structure–property relationships between anionic and cationic structures of ILs and their separation performance (i.e., selectivity and distribution coefficients); (iii) IL-related extractive separation mechanisms (e.g., the magnitude, strength, and sites of intermolecular interactions depending on the separation system and IL structure); and (iv) process simulation and design of IL-related extraction at the industrial scale based on validated thermodynamic models. In short, this Review provides an easy-to-read exhaustive reference on IL-related extractive separation of hydrocarbon mixtures from the multiscale perspective of molecules, thermodynamics, and processes. It also extends to progress in IL analogs, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in this research area, and discusses the current challenges faced by ILs in related separation fields as well as future directions and opportunities.

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Section: Heterocyclic Compound Extraction Using Ilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relevant Extractive Separation With Il Analogs (Deep Eutecti...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Yu,

Dai,

Liu

et al. 2024

Chem. Rev.

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“…10,11 However, in recent years, quaternary acid DESs have been widely used in areas such as separation and purification due to their simple, readily available, and low-cost raw materials. 12,13 Zuo et al 14 found that quaternary ammonium lactate-based DESs could efficiently remove N-compounds from simulated oils, but, no report on the physical properties of such DESs was available. It is known that the nature of a substance influences its use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Water on the Physical Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt–(dl)-Lactic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvents

Zuo,

Xuan,

Wang

et al. 2024

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are new green solvents, and quaternary ammonium salt acid DESs have been widely used in the field of analytical separation in recent years due to their low cost and environmental friendliness. In this work, the density, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of binary mixtures containing three quaternary ammonium salt−(DL)-lactic acid DESs with H 2 O were determined. The average molar volume, excess molar volume, and viscosity deviation of the DESs' aqueous solutions trends were computed. The viscous flow activation energy of DESs' aqueous solutions was derived using the Arrhenius equation. The DESs' physical properties are significantly influenced by their structure, temperature, and water content. The excess molar volume and viscosity deviation are negative over the entire concentration range, indicating a strong interaction between DESs and water. The variation of viscosity and electrical conductivity of the binary system with temperature conforms to the Vogel−Fulcher−Tammann (VFT) equation and shows an opposite trend, i.e., viscosity decreases and electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The VFT equation can be conveniently applied to the aqueous solutions of DESs.

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“…Researchers have recently developed various non-HDS methods to overcome these shortcomings, including adsorption desulfurization, 4 oxidative desulfurization, 5 membrane desulfurization, 6 biodesulfurization, 7 and extractive desulfurization. 8,9 Among these methods, extractive desulfurization has attracted widespread attention because of its low energy consumption, mild conditions, and simplicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data and Mechanism for Separating Thiophene from Heptane Using Mixed Solvents

Yang,

Xu,

Xie

et al. 2024

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Solvent extraction is a promising method for removing organic sulfides from fuel oils in refineries. However, selecting an appropriate extractant requires a fundamental understanding of liquid–liquid equilibria. In this study, we collected liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for ternary heptane + thiophene + solvent systems at 298.2 K and 101.3 kPa. The extraction capabilities of the selected solvents (ethylene glycol (EG), N-formylmorpholine, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-propanediol, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylacetamide, and benzyl alcohol) for separating heptane and thiophene were assessed based on the distribution constant (D) and separation factor (S). NMP exhibited the highest D value, whereas EG exhibited the lowest. In contrast, the EG had the highest S value. Therefore, to balance D and S simultaneously, mixtures of EG and NMP at different molar ratios were used as extractants. Molecular-level investigation into the separation mechanism was conducted via molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations. The enhanced S value of EG was attributed to a significant difference in its interaction energies with thiophene and heptane, whereas the enhanced D value of NMP resulted from a more negative solvation-free energy upon binding thiophene. Finally, a comparison of the thermodynamic models showed that the nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) model and the universal quasichemical (UNIQUAC) model were equally suitable for correlating the experimental data for the ternary and quaternary heptane + thiophene + solvent systems; the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values for the NRTL model were all <1%, whereas the maximum RMSD value for the UNIQUAC model was 1.57%. The obtained liquid–liquid equilibrium data and mechanistic insights can aid in improving extractive desulfurization using conventional organic solvents toward the efficient, low-cost, and simple production of clean fuel oils with ultralow sulfur contents.

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Desulfurization of Gasoline Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Tetrabutylammonium Bromide

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Hydrocarbon Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Hydrocarbon Extraction with Ionic Liquids

Effect of Water on the Physical Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt–(dl)-Lactic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvents

Liquid–Liquid Equilibrium Data and Mechanism for Separating Thiophene from Heptane Using Mixed Solvents

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