Desulfurization of fuel-oils with [C2mim][NTf2]: A comparative study

Screening of ionic liquids for solvent-sensitive extraction –with deep desulfurization as an example

“…Besides, thiophene possesses much smaller molecular size than heptane and toluene (Table S4, Supporting information), which makes it easier to be accommodated into the IL clusters and form liquid clathrates. Comparing with the work using ILs [C 8 mim] [BF 4 ] (Alonso et al, 2007), [C 8 mim][TF 2 N] (Alonso et al, 2008), and [C 2 mim][TF 2 N] (Rodríguez-Cabo et al, 2013), the screened IL [C 4 mim][H 2 PO 4 ] has either a higher β or a higher S, which implies its competitive extractive ability. Importantly, for these two systems, both β and S increase as the concentration of thiophene decreases.…”

“…Comparing with the VOCs, innovative solvents ionic liquids (ILs) have several overwhelming advantages, such as negligible vapor pressure, high thermal stability, designable and tunable character, and so on (Earle and Seddon, 2000). Therefore, ILs have been regarded as potential green alternatives of organic solvents in many processes, such as extraction of metal ions and organics from aqueous solutions (Visser et al, 2001), gas separation (Zhang et al, 2012), separation of aromatic compounds from aliphatic compounds (Arce et al, 2007a(Arce et al, , 2007bMeindersma et al, 2005;Zhou et al, 2012), desulfurization and denitrogenation of fuels (Alonso et al, 2007;Anantharaj and Banerjee, 2013;Wilfred et al, 2013;Rodríguez-Cabo et al, 2013), and separation of biomolecules and drugs (Freire et al, 2010).…”

“…Therefore, a reliable and efficient simulation-based solvent screening method is highly desirable. Until now, a number of theoretical models have been applied for modeling phase behaviors of IL-involved systems, e.g., the classical liquid activity coefficient models NRTL and UNIFAC (Alonso et al, 2007;Lei et al, 2008Lei et al, , 2014Rodríguez-Cabo et al, 2013;Tian et al, 2010) and models based on statistical associating fluid theory PC-SAFT (Paduszynśki and Domanśka, 2012). Nevertheless, these models present a limited predictive capability since they normally require experimentally fitted parameters.…”

Separation of pyridine from heptane with tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids

“…The application of many ILs as LLE solvents for petrol desulfurization and/or denitrogenation has already been reported during the last decade [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Two ILs, namely 1-hexyl-3,5-dimethylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [HMMPY] [NTf 2 ] and 1-heptyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, [HMMIM][NTf 2 ] were found to show high extraction selectivity of pyridine from model fuel on the level of 70 and 50 (wt%), respectively [5].…”

“…The ILs were chosen after many years of experimental work with different ILs from the literature and in our laboratory [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. The best extraction of sulfur-compounds was obtained with 1-butyl-1-methylmorpholinium tricyanome- The 1-alkylpyrrolidinium-based ILs with different anions have been recently studied in our laboratory in ternary LLE {IL + thiophene + heptane) at T = 298.15 K [13].…”