Destructive Membranous Periodontal Disease (Ligneous Gingivitis): A Literature Review

Abstract

Ligneous gingivitis is a rare periodontal disorder closely associated with ligneous conjunctivitis and plasminogen deficiency. Its diagnosis may be supported by the finding of genetic mutations responsible for the condition. Research is focusing on the future development of an effective therapy capable of arresting the destructive evolution of the disease. Additional studies, investigating features such as probing depth and attachment loss, are needed for the appropriate classification of this periodontal disease.

Periodontal and other oral manifestations of immunodeficiency diseases

“…All inherited forms of HIES express elevated IgE. Distinguishing features associated with AD-HIES are connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities to include maxillofacial irregularities and a prominent arched palate, recurrent skin and pulmonary infections (eczema, pneumatoceles), recurrent fungal infections, prolonged healing of infections, retained and/ or delayed shedding of primary teeth, and ligneous gingivitis/periodontitis (destructive membranous periodontal disease) (Hatori et al, 1993;Gunhan et al, 1994Gunhan et al, , 1999Grimbacher et al, 1999;Aldous et al, 2007;Freeman et al, 2009;Deepa et al, 2012;Sivolella et al, 2012). Grimbacher et al revealed that over 70% of their studied patient population with HIES had retained primary dentition (Grimbacher et al, 1999).…”

Ligneous Gingivitis Due to Type I Plasminogen Deficiency in a Hydrocephalic Patient

“…9 Almost three-quarters of the case reports related to ligneous gingivitis are in the Turkish population. 6,10 Consanguinity rates are very high in our country and this may be responsible for this relatively higher incidence of ligneous gingivitis in this population. Parents of our patient are cousins, consistently with literature.…”

Immunohistochemical analysis of the gingiva with periodontitis of type I plasminogen deficiency compared to gingiva with gingivitis and periodontitis and healthy gingiva

“…Because fibrin degradation is limited, the woundhealing process is disrupted at the stage of granulation tissue formation (Mehta & Shapiro, 2008;Pantanowitz et al, 2004;Sivolella, De Biagi, Sartori, Berengo, & Bressan, 2012).…”