“…Another environmentally friendly alternative is the non-explosive expansion materials, also called soundless chemical demolition agents (SCDAs), which are widely applied as demolition of rock or concrete structures [ 19 , 20 ], mine excavation [ [21] , [22] , [23] ], and unconventional gas exploration [ 24 ]. SCDA is a powdery substance which tends to volumetric expands in hydration through the formation of calcium hydroxide or ettringite [ 25 ].…”