Destruction of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in a batch supercritical water oxidation reactor

Pinkard, Brian R.; Shetty, S. Divakara; Stritzinger, Derek; Bellona, Christopher; Novosselov, Igor

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130834

Cited by 52 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Considering the questions that have arisen around the complete mineralization of PFAS in liquid wastes currently being addressed via incineration, the concept of SCWO has high relevance to PFAS. The SCWO technology is not new and its recent application to PFAS destruction of liquids or slurries (Pinkard et al, 2021) benefits from the commercial development of the technology since the early 1980s, leveraging lessons learned from demilitarization and radiological waste disposal (Hong & Spritzer, 2002). This includes sustainability improvements to utilize energy-efficient fuels and harness waste heat to make SCWO more efficient (General Atomics, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A concentrated source of PFAS was selected to align with the likely application of SCWO. As the ability of SCWO to mineralize PFAS in liquids has been demonstrated (Krause et al, 2022;Pinkard et al, 2021), this validation study pertained to the mineralization of PFAS in both the liquid and gaseous effluents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For water, the supercritical condition is achieved at pressures exceeding 22 mega Pascals (MPa) and temperatures above 374°C (Cengel & Boles, 2002) and is defined by a single fluid phase that is a fraction of the density of water with a tremendous capacity to dissolve gas and organic compounds while precipitating inorganic species. Since its introduction in the 1980s from work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, SCWO has been thoroughly reviewed throughout the literature for various applications and potential challenges, and various patents have been pursued and awarded (Hong & Spritzer, 2002;Krause et al, 2022;Kritzer & Dinjus, 2001;Marrone, 2012;Pinkard et al, 2021;Tester et al, 1993;Yesodharan, 2002). Recent research on the applicability of highpressure thermal treatment (e.g., SCWO and alkaline hydrothermal treatment) has demonstrated a high degree of certainty for the complete mineralization of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in water (Krause et al, 2022;Pinkard et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2019), PFAS within wastewater treatment sludge (Yu et al, 2020), and PFAS associated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) (Hao et al, 2021;Pinkard, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its introduction in the 1980s from work at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, SCWO has been thoroughly reviewed throughout the literature for various applications and potential challenges, and various patents have been pursued and awarded (Hong & Spritzer, 2002;Krause et al, 2022;Kritzer & Dinjus, 2001;Marrone, 2012;Pinkard et al, 2021;Tester et al, 1993;Yesodharan, 2002). Recent research on the applicability of highpressure thermal treatment (e.g., SCWO and alkaline hydrothermal treatment) has demonstrated a high degree of certainty for the complete mineralization of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in water (Krause et al, 2022;Pinkard et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2019), PFAS within wastewater treatment sludge (Yu et al, 2020), and PFAS associated with aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) (Hao et al, 2021;Pinkard, 2022). The theorized mechanism of SCWO facilitated destruction is thermal oxidation of PFAS, resulting in fully mineralized carbon dioxide and inorganic fluoride, though instantaneous sequential defluorination reactions related to chemical oxidation and/or reduction via manipulated pH may also occur (Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validation of supercritical water oxidation to destroy perfluoroalkyl acids

McDonough

Kirby

Bellona

et al. 2022

Remediation Journal

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Some of the same unique physical and chemical properties that make per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) desirable for a wide range of commercial applications render them recalcitrant to many liquid treatment technologies. As developments in PFAS‐related toxicological studies increasingly suggest potential adverse human health effects, our industry has made great progress in the past several years on concentrating PFAS into small volume waste streams via adsorption and separation mechanisms. Coupled with residual PFAS‐containing commercial products that are being phased out, management of these concentrated waste streams presents an urgent need for the development and validation of destructive treatment technologies. Here, we field‐validate supercritical water oxidation to treat a concentrated waste stream of 12 perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with liquid and gaseous analysis, adhering to the recent Other Test Method 45 for stack emission sampling from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and USEPA Method 537.1, with quality control and quality assurance protocols from the Department of Defense/Department of Energy Quality Systems Manual 5.3. Results generated suggest greater than 99.999% destruction and removal efficiency of these 12 PFAAs after two ∼120‐min continuous flow trials, with an overall defluorination percentage of approximately 62.6%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Validation of supercritical water oxidation to destroy perfluoroalkyl acids

McDonough

Kirby

Bellona

et al. 2022

Remediation Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 28 Incomplete destruction and unknown intermediates associated with incineration of PFAS in liquid waste have been discussed. 23 , 24 Hydrothermal alkaline treatment and super critical water oxidation, 29 , 30 sonochemical degradation, 31 electrochemical oxidation, 32 and advanced reduction processes (e.g., nonthermal plasma, 33 electron beam, 34 and/or ultraviolet-activated catalysts and/or reductants 35 , 36 ) show promise for PFAS destruction at the end of a treatment train.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Scale Demonstration of PFAS Leachability Following In Situ Soil Stabilization

et al. 2021

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A field-scale validation is summarized comparing the efficacy of commercially available stabilization amendments with the objective of mitigating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) leaching from aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF)-impacted source zones. The scope of this work included bench-scale testing to evaluate multiple amendments and application concentrations to mitigate PFAS leachability and the execution of field-scale soil mixing in an AFFF-impacted fire-training area with nearly 2.5 years of post-soil mixing monitoring to validate reductions in PFAS leachability. At the bench scale, several amendments were evaluated and the selection of two amendments for field-scale evaluation was informed: FLUORO-SORB Adsorbent (FS) and RemBind (RB). Five ∼28 m 3 test pits (approximately 3 m wide by 3 m long by 3 m deep) were mixed at a site using conventional construction equipment. One control test pit (Test Pit 1) included Portland cement (PC) only (5% dry weight basis). The other four test pits (Test Pits 2 through 5) compared 5 and 10% ratios (dry weight basis) of FS and RB (also with PC). Five separate monitoring events included two to three sample cores collected from each test pit for United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Method 1315 leaching assessment. After 1 year, a mass balance for each test pit was attempted comparing the total PFAS soil mass before, during, and after leach testing. Bench-scale and field-scale data were in good agreement and demonstrated >99% decrease in total PFAS leachability (mass basis; >98% mole basis) as confirmed by the total oxidizable precursor assay, strongly supporting the chemical stabilization of PFAS.

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Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates

et al. 2021

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Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are present in many waters, have detrimental impacts on human health and the environment. Reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) have shown excellent PFAS separation performance in water treatment; however, these membrane systems do not destroy PFAS but produce concentrated residual streams that need to be managed. Complete destruction of PFAS in RO and NF concentrate streams is ideal, but long-term sequestration strategies are also employed. Because no single technology is adequate for all situations, a range of processes are reviewed here that hold promise as components of treatment schemes for PFAS-laden membrane system concentrates. Attention is also given to relevant

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Destruction of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in a batch supercritical water oxidation reactor

Cited by 52 publications

References 40 publications

Validation of supercritical water oxidation to destroy perfluoroalkyl acids

Validation of supercritical water oxidation to destroy perfluoroalkyl acids

Field-Scale Demonstration of PFAS Leachability Following In Situ Soil Stabilization

Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates

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