Destruction of human tear proteins by ozone

Schmut, O.; Gruber, Éva; El-Shabrawi, Yosuf; Faulborn, J.

doi:10.1016/0891-5849(94)90112-0

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This level is often exceeded in the United States and elsewhere. Human exposure to high levels of ozone has been shown to cause adverse human health effects such as decreased respiratory function, aggravated asthmatic symptoms [1,2], and dry eye syndrome [3]. Deleterious effects on animal lung function and agricultural crops and forests have also been observed [4 -6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues

Lloyd

Spraggins

Johnston

et al. 2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Angiotensin II (DRVYIHPF) and two analogs, (DRVYIAPA and DRVAIHPA), were used as model systems to study the ozonolysis of peptides containing tyrosine and histidine residues. The ESI mass spectrum of angiotensin II following exposure to ozone showed the formation of adducts containing one, three, and four oxygen atoms. CID and SID spectra of these adducts were consistent with formation of Tyr ϩ O and His ϩ 3O as expected from previous work with amino acids. However, several fragment ions observed in the CID and SID spectra suggested formation of a rather unexpected adduct, Tyr ϩ 3O, and a small amount of the Phe ϩ O adduct. These findings were confirmed by examining two angiotensin analogs. Exposure of DRVYIAPA to ozone resulted in the addition of either one or three oxygen atoms on Tyr, while DRVAIHPA showed only the addition of three oxygen atoms-all on His. Other noteworthy minor oxidation products were observed from these analogs including Tyr ϩ 34 Da, His ϩ 5 Da, His ϩ 34 Da, and His ϩ 82 Da. The reaction rates of the peptides with ozone were found to be similar: second-order rate coefficients are 274 Ϯ 3, 379 Ϯ 6, and 439 Ϯ 34 M Ϫ1 s Ϫ1 for DRVYIAPA, DRVAIHPA, and angiotensin II, respectively. The relative rates indicate (1) an isolated His residue has a slightly greater ozone reactivity than an isolated Tyr residue, and (2) the reaction rates of isolated residues are not additive when both residues are present in the same

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues

Lloyd

Spraggins

Johnston

et al. 2006

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Normal tear components including hyaluronate and proteins, which may promote tear stability (Schoenwald et al, 1998), are degraded by airborne pollutants including ozone (Rohen & Lutjen-Drecoll, 1992;Schmut et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extreme or extended exposure to O 3 may deplete the tear proteins, thus exhausting this protective system, so causing chronic dysfunction of the tear ®lm. This may account for a subtype of dryeyeproblems,which should be termedas an`airpollution-induced dry eye syndrome' (Schmut et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral antioxidant therapy for marginal dry eye

Blades

Patel²,

Aidoo

2001

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To assess the ef®cacy of an orally administered antioxidant dietary supplement for managing marginal dry eye. Design: A prospective, randomised, placebo controlled trial with cross-over. Setting: Eye Clinic, Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University. Subjects: Forty marginal dry eye sufferers composed of 30 females and 10 males (median age 53 y; range 38 ± 69 y). Interventions: Baseline assessments were made of tear volume suf®ciency (thread test), tear quality (stability), ocular surface status (conjunctival impression cytology) and dry eye symptoms (questionnaire). Each subject was administered courses of active treatment, placebo and no treatment, in random order for 1 month each and results compared to baseline. Results: Tear stability and ocular surface status were signi®cantly improved following active treatment (P`0.05). No changes from baseline were detected following administration of placebo and no treatment (P b 0.05). Absolute increase in tear stability correlated with absolute change in goblet cell population density. Tear volume was not improved following any treatment period and dry eye symptom responses were subject to placebo effect. Conclusions: Oral antioxidants improved both tear stability and conjunctival health, although it is not yet understood whether increased ocular surface health mediates increased tear stability or vice versa. Sponsors: This study was supported by a PhD scholarship funded by the Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Scotland. Antioxidant supplements and placebos were kindly donated by Vitabiotics.

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“…Auch die Proteine des Tranenfilms werden durch Ozon and ultraviolettes Licht zerstort, wobei Ozon and UV-Licht gemeinsam besonders aggressiv wirken [27,64]. Genauso zerstorend wirken Zigarettenrauch and Autoabgase auf die Proteine der Tranenflussigkeit [65].…”

Section: Trockenes Augeunclassified

Jodsole-Therapie aus ophthalmologischer und internistischer Sicht. 150 Jahre Landeskuranstalten, 55 Jahre Paracelsus-Institut, 50 Jahre Augenabteilung Bad Hall

Schmut

Horwath‐Winter

Rieger³

et al. 2006

Spektrum Augenheilkd

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Zusammenfassung.In dieser Ubersicht wird die Geschichte des Kurorts Bad Hall, der Gehalt an Ionen and Elementen in der Jodsole and die biologische sowie die therapeutische Wirkung des Heilwassers besprochen. Besonders wird auf die Wirkung des jodhaltigen Wassers bei der Therapie verschiedener Augenerkrankungen eingegangen. Studien werden diskutiert, bei denen eine Verbesserung der Sehscharfe, der Farbwahrnehmung, der Kontrastempfindlichkeit and eine Verzogerung der Kataraktentwicklung nach Jodsole-Therapie beobachtet wurden. Besondere Erwahnung finden die Therapien des trockenen Auges mittels Iontophorese mit Jodsole sowie die Bespruhung mit einer Ol-in-Wasser-Emulsion.Schlusselworter: Jodsole-Therapie, Auge, Uberblick, Bad Hall Iodine brine-therapy from the ophthalmological and internal medicine viewpoint. 150th anniversary of Landeskuranstalten, 55th anniversary of Paracelsus-Institute, 50th anniversary of Department of Ophthalmology Bad Hall Summary. In this review the history of the spa Bad Hall, the content of ions and chemical elements in the iodine brine, and the biological as well as the therapeutical effect of the water is discussed. Especially the effect of the iodine containing water for the therapy of different eye diseases is reported. Studies showing the improvement of visual acuity, the colour perception, the contrast sensitivity and the capability to delay cataract development by a therapy with iodine brine are discussed. Especially the therapies of the sicca syndrome by iontophoresis with iodine brine and with an oil-in-wateremulsion spray are mentioned.

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Destruction of human tear proteins by ozone

Cited by 32 publications

References 16 publications

Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues

Peptide ozonolysis: Product structures and relative reactivities for oxidation of tyrosine and histidine residues

Oral antioxidant therapy for marginal dry eye

Jodsole-Therapie aus ophthalmologischer und internistischer Sicht. 150 Jahre Landeskuranstalten, 55 Jahre Paracelsus-Institut, 50 Jahre Augenabteilung Bad Hall

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