The risk of serious adverse events reported after IVT injection is low. Nevertheless, careful attention to injection technique and appropriate postinjection monitoring are essential because uncommon injection-related complications may be associated with permanent vision loss.
BACKGROUND: The refractive index of the cornea must be determined to optically perfect keratorefractive procedures. There are very few empirical measurements of the human corneal refractive index described in the literature. Throughout its depth, the cornea demonstrates regional variations in physiological properties such as swelling/de-swelling characteristics. These properties suggest there may be a difference in the refractive index between the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces.
METHODS: The refractive index of the human corneal epithelium of 10 eyes was measured, in vivo, using a modified hand-held refractometer. The refractive indices of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the bare stroma of fresh human corneas were measured using a bench model Abbe refractometer.
RESULTS: The mean refractive index of the epithelium, stromal anterior and posterior surfaces were 1.401 (SD ± 0.005), 1.380 (SD ± 0.005), and 1.373 (SD ± 0.001) respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The refractive index of the cornea is not uniform. The calculated dioptric power of the corneal epithelium is approximately -1.40 diopters (D). The varying refractive index does not significantly affect the total dioptric power of the cornea. The varying refractive index of the cornea has the potential to significantly contribute to the overall optical performance of the eye in relation to refractive surgery. The results should be incorporated into mathematical models, comparing and contrasting the optical performance of the eye before and after surgery. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:100-105.]
A novel method for testing the corneal nerve function, through non-invasive measurement of corneal sensitivity, is presented. The method of using a controlled pulse of air to stimulate the corneal surface is described. Technical information of the aesthesiometer's construction is given. Examples of the ability of the instrument to accurately locate the corneal sensitivity threshold using either a method of constant stimuli, or a method of limits, is described for 14 normal, non-lens wearing eyes. Measurements are made in millibars of air pressure required. Mean normal values found were 0.342 +/- 0.068 millibars. Discussion is made of the instrument's mode of action, its advantages over other invasive instruments, and potential clinical application.
In this phase IIb clinical trial, a 62% relative benefit from baseline was noted in the E10030 1.5 mg combination therapy group compared with the anti-VEGF monotherapy group. A favorable safety and efficacy profile of E10030 combination therapy for nAMD was evident across multiple clinically relevant end points. This highly powered study provides strong rationale for a confirmatory phase III clinical trial.
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