“…Lanthanum-doped up-conversion nanocrystals (UCNs) can convert low-energy infrared photons to high-energy photons. Thus, a ternary photoanode was fabricated by using [187] Copyright © 2019, American Chemical Society), (b) photocurrent density vs potential curve, (c) applied bias to photocurrent efficiency (ABPE) for pristine Fe 2 O 3 and sulfur doped Fe 2 O 3 , (reprinted with permission from [188] Copyright© 2017, American Chemical Society), (d) LSV curves of WO 3 and Ni(OH) 2 /WO 3 electrodes under AM 1.5 G (100 mW/cm 2 ), (reprinted with permission from [189] Copyright© 2020, American Chemical Society), (e) LSV curves for ZnO/Au/g-C 3 N 4 , ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 , ZnO/Au, and ZnO under simulated sunlight and ZnO in dark, (reprinted with permission from [192] Copyright© 2019, Elsevier), (f) PEC characteristics for HiPMS (α-Fe 2 O 3 ), MFS((104)/α-Fe 2 O 3 ) and PS((104) α-Fe 2 O 3 ) under simulated sunlight AM1.5 G, (reprinted with permission from [194] Copyright© 2015, American Chemical Society), (g) LSV curves of TiO 2 , Au/TiO 2 , Tm-UCN/TiO 2 , Tm-UCN/Au/TiO 2, and Au/Tm-UCN/TiO 2 , (reprinted with permission from [195] Copyright© 2019, American Chemical Society), (h) Photocurrent density vs potential curves in dark (dotted line) and light (bold line) for Sample A (833 nm), Sample B (374 nm), and Sample C (123 nm), (reprinted with permission from [243] Copyright© 2016, American Chemical Society), and (i) ABPE curves for different dye sensitized P-25 TiO 2 samples, (reprinted with permission from [200] Copyright© 2016, Elsevier).…”