Desmutagenicity of Melanoidins against Various Kinds of Mutagens and Activated Mutagens

Abstract

The desmutagenic activities of low-molecular weight melanoidins (LM-MEL, MW 500-1000) and nondialyzable melanoidins (ND-MEL, MW above 1000) prepared from a glucose-glycine reaction system were examined by Ames' test on such mutagens/carcinogens as nitro or amino compounds of aromatics or heterocycles, azo compounds, nitroso compounds, and epoxides. ND-MEL and LM-MEL exhibited a desmutagenic activity of 25-75% against mutagenic aromatic or heterocyclic compounds such as aflatoxin B1, B[α]P, 2-aminofluorene, 4-aminobiphenyl, and 2-aminonaphthalene, as well as heterocyclic amines, using S. typhimurium TA98 in the presence of S9 mix. In the case of using S. typhimurium TA100 in the absence of S9 mix, ND-MEL and LM-MEL showed a desmutagenic activity of 20-50% against 2-nitrofluorene, 4NQO and 2-nitronaphthalene. The strong desmutagenic activity of MEL from various kinds of amino acids, peptides, or egg albumin hydrolyzates with glucose was also observed against Trp-P-1. Furthermore, MEL had marked desmutagenic activity against the Trp-P-1 activated by S9 mix and synthetic N-OH-Trp-P-2.

Role of hydroxycinnamates in coffee melanoidin formation

“…, Nicoli et al (1997), Manzocco et al (2001), Morales (2005), , Rufián-Henares and Morales (2007a), Daglia et al (2000), Cioroi (2000), Steinhart et al (2001), Borrelli et al (2002aBorrelli et al ( , 2002b, Wagner et al (2002), Morales and Jimenez-Perez (2004), Esposito et al (2003), Martín et al (2009) Desmutagenic and antitumor activity Kato et al (1985), Lee et al (1994), Inhibition of nitrosamine formation Kato et al (1987) Inhibition of angiotensin-I converting enzyme Rufián-Henares and Morales (2007a, b) Antimicrobial activity Stecchini et al (1991), Daglia et al (1994), Rufián-Henares and Morales …”

Biological and Chemical Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Sugar‐Lysine Model Maillard Reaction Products

“…Toxicological activities of MRPs that involve reduced nutritional quality,8 derived mutagenicity,9–11 and cytotoxicity12,13 have also been reported. In contrast, studies have shown MRPs to have potential anticarcinogenic and/or antimutagenic effects against various toxic compounds, such as heterocyclic amines,14 B(a)P, aflatoxin B 1 , epoxides, and nitroso‐ and azo‐compounds 15,16. These apparently beneficial bioactive properties are potentially the result of free radical scavenging or metal chelating activities that characterize an important biological role for MR antioxidant activity.…”

Protective Effects of Melanoidins Derived from Soy Sauce and Soy Paste on NO-Induced DNA Damages.

“…They absorb or inactivate various radicals likeиOH , O 2 -, H 2 O 2 ( Hayase 1996;1997) and chemical compounds like Trp-P-2, a mutagen (Lee et al, 1994). Peroxynitrite, a reaction product of NO and superoxide, is known to be a stronger DNA damaging agent than NO itself.…”

“…They are contained in many foods such as soy sauce, miso, roasted coffee etc., and play an important role in adding desirable flavor and color to food. In addition to making food more desirable, there have been many reports about their physiological functions , such as promotion of faecal bacterial growth (Ames et al, 1999), suppression of tumor cell growth (Kamei et al, 1997), inhibition of digestive enzymes (Hirano et al, 1994(Hirano et al, , 1996, antioxidative activity (Chuyen et al, 1998), and antimutagenic activity (Lee et al, 1994). We examined DNA damage-protecting activities of melanoidins using the comet assay, a single cell gel electrophoresis assay which has been used to detect the genotoxic effect of irradiation of various foods (Cerda et al, 1997;Singh, 1988).…”