Designs of K-Band Divide-by-2 and Divide-by-3 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider With Darlington Topology

Chien, Kuan-Hsiu; Chen, Jianying; Chiou, Hwann-Kaeo

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2015.2449853

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The tail injection divide-by-3 ILFD [2] uses two levels of field effect transistors (FETs); this requires voltage headroom and leads to smaller voltage swing and locking range reduction. To avoid the pitfall of the harmonic mixer, the first-step of locking range enlargement is the utilisation of the linear mixer [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] with the aid of a self-generated push-push signal at 2ω o . The mixer in a divide-by-three ILFD uses the following input/output frequency equation given by ω RF − 2ω o = ω o , where ω RF is the frequency of radio-frequency (RF) input and ω o is the ILFD output frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency tuning hysteresis of a dual‐resonance divide‐by‐three cross‐coupled injection‐locked frequency divider

Jang

Jian

Hsue

2018

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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This paper studies the frequency tuning effect on the locking range property of a dual‐resonance 3:1 injection‐locked frequency divider (ILFD) fabricated in a foundry 0.18 μm BiCMOS process. The ILFD architecture is based on a capacitive cross‐coupled oscillator in conjunction with a resistor‐degraded dual‐resonance resonator for the locking range improvement. At a power consumption of 5.26 mW and at injection power of Pinj = 0 dBm the locking range from the measurement is from 6.2 to 12.6 GHz (68.09%). The frequency tuning range of the free‐running ILFD shows a frequency tuning hysteresis effect; at low input power level the locking range shows bipolar locking ranges and at high injection power the locking range is independent of the measured voltage tuning direction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency tuning hysteresis of a dual‐resonance divide‐by‐three cross‐coupled injection‐locked frequency divider

Jang

Jian

Hsue

2018

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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“…Therefore, from (15) for lower injection power levels, the ILFD locking range can be enhanced with increased conversion gain factor α, which is a function of dc bias and transconductance of the injection transistor and impedance of the multi-coupled LC tank. Also, simple inspection of (16) revels that Z tank can be improved with increased coupling coefficient between L 1,eff and L inj . Therefore, in the proposed ILFD, magnetic coupling of tank and peaking inductor is proposed to enlarge the g m,max and Z tank .…”

Section: Locking Range Of Proposed Ilfdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To get better tradeoff, several design techniques are proposed in [4]- [16]. ILFD design with low quality factor tank is proposed in [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multi-Mode Multi-Coil Coupled Tuned Inductive Peaking ILFD for Low Injected Power With Compact Size

Mahalingam

Yeo

2019

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a multi-mode magnetically coupled and tuned inductive peaking technique with impedance transforming capability is proposed to achieve a wider operational locking range in the injection locked frequency divider (ILFD) for low injected power levels. Fabricated in 65 nm CMOS process, the proposed ILFD operating at 60 GHz, achieves a locking range of 16.3% from 53.2 to 63 GHz with a low injected power of −10 dBm. Occupying a small area of 0.0288 mm 2 , the ILFD delivers an average single-ended output power of −6 dBm with a dc power consumption of 3.7 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage. The power efficiency (P out /P dc) of the proposed ILFD is 6.8%. INDEX TERMS 60 GHz, divide-by-2, direct injection locked frequency divider (ILFD), inductive peaking, multi-coupled coils, multi-mode.

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“…This outcome is in line with the results of the harmonic analysis. In fact, by comparing (15) and (35) it turns out that for the same K value of the injectors and the same bias and driving signals (i.e. V ov,dc , A inj and A out ) the injection current I inj,2 generated by M 2 is larger than the injection current I inj,1 generated by the floating-source injector.…”

Section: Performance Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Single-Inductor Injection-Locked Frequency Divider by Three With Dual-Injection Secondary Locking

Garghetti

Lacaita

Levantino

2019

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of signal intermixing taking place across the injectors of frequencydivide-by-three circuits with divide-by-two secondary locking. The analytical results confirmed by circuit simulations provide an insightful understanding of the circuit operation, and inspire the design of a novel single-inductor injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) by three, where injection is reinforced by a dual-injection scheme with no penalty in power dissipation. The novel circuit, when benchmarked against existing ILFD topologies, optimized in a 65-nm LP CMOS process, shows about a three-time larger locking range with respect to the single-inductor divider by three with a floating-source injector, and about a 40% improvement with respect to the single-inductor divider by three with divide-by-two locking, for the same power dissipation. The novel topology has been adopted in a 15-GHz divider by three for a 5G radio-frequency synthesizer, reaching a 23.6% locking range at 1.56-mW dc power, featuring one of the best performances among divide-by-three ILFDs and a compact size of only 0.09 mm 2 .

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Designs of K-Band Divide-by-2 and Divide-by-3 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider With Darlington Topology

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Frequency tuning hysteresis of a dual‐resonance divide‐by‐three cross‐coupled injection‐locked frequency divider

Frequency tuning hysteresis of a dual‐resonance divide‐by‐three cross‐coupled injection‐locked frequency divider

A Multi-Mode Multi-Coil Coupled Tuned Inductive Peaking ILFD for Low Injected Power With Compact Size

A Novel Single-Inductor Injection-Locked Frequency Divider by Three With Dual-Injection Secondary Locking

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