Designing Ultraflexible Perovskite X‐Ray Detectors through Interface Engineering

Abstract

X-ray detectors play a pivotal role in development and advancement of humankind, from far-reaching impact in medicine to furthering the ability to observe distant objects in outer space. While other electronics show the ability to adapt to flexible and lightweight formats, state-of-the-art X-ray detectors rely on materials requiring bulky and fragile configurations, severely limiting their applications. Lead halide perovskites is one of the most rapidly advancing novel materials with success in the field of semiconductor devices. Here, an ultraflexible, lightweight, and highly conformable passively operated thin film perovskite X-ray detector with a sensitivity as high as 9.3 ± 0.5 µC Gy −1 cm −2 at 0 V and a remarkably low limit of detection of 0.58 ± 0.05 Gy s −1 is presented. Various electron and hole transporting layers accessing their individual impact on the detector performance are evaluated. Moreover, it is shown that this ultrathin form-factor allows for fabrication of devices detecting X-rays equivalently from front and back side.

Ultra‐Stable and Robust Response to X‐Rays in 2D Layered Perovskite Micro‐Crystalline Films Directly Deposited on Flexible Substrate

“…We define τ rise and τ fall as the time interval needed to increase the PC from 10% to 90% of its maximum value (respectively decrease from 90% to 10%). The average τ rise and τ fall values were found to be 147 ± 10 and 768 ± 109 ns respectively, which is more than 5 orders of magnitude faster than thin film photodetectors based on Cs 0.05 (FA 0.83 MA 0.17 ) 0.95 PbI 3− x Br x [ 12 ] and CsPbBr 3 . [ 14 ] Zhang et al.…”

“…[ 7–9 ] Their most notable asset is however represented by their good processability, which allows to obtain centimetre‐scale single crystal with trap state densities in the order of 10 9 cm −3 using solution‐based techniques at low temperature (<100 °C). [ 10,11 ] On the one hand HOIPs detectors based on polycrystalline morphologies exhibit fairly good performances, [ 12–17 ] however they are limited by lower bulk resistivity, [ 18 ] higher trap states density, [ 9 ] and significant ion migration effects leading to large dark current drift [ 19 ] with respect to HOIPs detectors based on single crystals. [ 11,20,21 ] Briefly, single crystal‐based devices suffer from the difficulty to produce large‐area pixelated detectors directly integrated onto read‐out electronics, and therefore showing a lack of scalability.…”

Why gender is relevant to materials science and engineering

“…The Demchyshyn et al [28] research involves development of ultra-flexible, low-cost, and highly sensitive high energy radiation detectors, which they propose could be of great interest to the fields of medical diagnostics, dosimetry, industrial inspection, security, and because of low weight and high conformability X-ray wearable dosimeters would be appealing to astronauts, nuclear power plants, and laboratory workers, as well as for imagers used in structural inspection and cultural heritage preservation.…”

High‐Sensitivity Flexible X‐Ray Detectors based on Printed Perovskite Inks

“…[ 25–27 ] An interesting approach, among organic‐inorganic hybrid materials, is the employment of semiconducting metal‐organic frameworks embedded in a polymer matrix as a flexible membrane detector [ 28 ] reaching a sensitivity of 65.86 µC Gy −1 cm −2 at 100V. Only a few results have been reported [ 29–33 ] on thin‐film perovskite‐based X‐ray detectors, though their characterization is limited to soft X‐rays (<2000 eV), [ 30 ] and the top sensitivity is limited to 59.9 µC Gy −1 cm −2 at 70kVp with very conservative strain during bending characterization (ε = 0.48% max). [ 31 ]…”