“…Therefore, the final optimal formula was comprised of 50 mg/mL (COS), 32 mg/mL (CMC), and 0.25 mg/mL (TPP). Optical microscopy showed that the tilmicosin composite nanogels were well dispersed with good particle size distributions and a spherical shape, which agrees with previous studies [ 2 ]. The appearance of lyophilized nanogels showed a uniform crosslinked polymeric network.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Staphylococcus aureus seriously threatens human health and results in substantial economic losses for livestock worldwide and has aroused considerable concern [ 1 ]. In particular, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SASCVs) in the host cells could establish reservoirs from which reinfection can occur and result in long-term and repeated infection [ 2 ]. Because tilmicosin concentrates in the udder efficiently, it has been suggested to treat cow mastitis.…”
Background
The poor bioadhesion capacity of tilmicosin resulting in treatment failure for
Staphylococcus aureus
small colony variants (SASCVs) mastitis.
Objectives
This study aimed to increase the bioadhesion capacity of tilmicosin for the SASCVs strain and improve the antibacterial effect of tilmicosin against cow mastitis caused by the SASCVs strain.
Methods
Tilmicosin-loaded chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite nanogels were formulated by an electrostatic interaction between COS (positive charge) and CMC (negative charge) using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) (ionic crosslinkers). The formation mechanism, structural characteristics, bioadhesion, and antibacterial activity of tilmicosin composite nanogels were studied systematically.
Results
The optimized formulation was comprised of 50 mg/mL (COS), 32 mg/mL (CMC), and 0.25 mg/mL (TPP). The size, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the optimized tilmicosin composite nanogels were 357.4 ± 2.6 nm, 65.4 ± 0.4%, 21.9 ± 0.4%, 0.11 ± 0.01, and -37.1 ± 0.4 mV, respectively; the sedimentation rate was one. Scanning electron microscopy showed that tilmicosin might be incorporated in nano-sized crosslinked polymeric networks. Moreover, adhesive studies suggested that tilmicosin composite nanogels could enhance the bioadhesion capacity of tilmicosin for the SASCVs strain. The inhibition zone of native tilmicosin, tilmicosin standard, and tilmicosin composite nanogels were 2.13 ± 0.07, 3.35 ± 0.11, and 1.46 ± 0.04 cm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of native tilmicosin, tilmicosin standard, and tilmicosin composite nanogels against the SASCVs strain were 2, 1, and 1 µg/mL, respectively. The
in vitro
time-killing curves showed that the tilmicosin composite nanogels increased the antibacterial activity against the SASCVs strain.
Conclusions
This study provides a potential strategy for developing tilmicosin composite nanogels to treat cow mastitis caused by the SASCVs strain.
“…Therefore, the final optimal formula was comprised of 50 mg/mL (COS), 32 mg/mL (CMC), and 0.25 mg/mL (TPP). Optical microscopy showed that the tilmicosin composite nanogels were well dispersed with good particle size distributions and a spherical shape, which agrees with previous studies [ 2 ]. The appearance of lyophilized nanogels showed a uniform crosslinked polymeric network.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Staphylococcus aureus seriously threatens human health and results in substantial economic losses for livestock worldwide and has aroused considerable concern [ 1 ]. In particular, the presence of Staphylococcus aureus small colony variants (SASCVs) in the host cells could establish reservoirs from which reinfection can occur and result in long-term and repeated infection [ 2 ]. Because tilmicosin concentrates in the udder efficiently, it has been suggested to treat cow mastitis.…”
Background
The poor bioadhesion capacity of tilmicosin resulting in treatment failure for
Staphylococcus aureus
small colony variants (SASCVs) mastitis.
Objectives
This study aimed to increase the bioadhesion capacity of tilmicosin for the SASCVs strain and improve the antibacterial effect of tilmicosin against cow mastitis caused by the SASCVs strain.
Methods
Tilmicosin-loaded chitosan oligosaccharide (COS)-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite nanogels were formulated by an electrostatic interaction between COS (positive charge) and CMC (negative charge) using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) (ionic crosslinkers). The formation mechanism, structural characteristics, bioadhesion, and antibacterial activity of tilmicosin composite nanogels were studied systematically.
Results
The optimized formulation was comprised of 50 mg/mL (COS), 32 mg/mL (CMC), and 0.25 mg/mL (TPP). The size, encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, polydispersity index, and zeta potential of the optimized tilmicosin composite nanogels were 357.4 ± 2.6 nm, 65.4 ± 0.4%, 21.9 ± 0.4%, 0.11 ± 0.01, and -37.1 ± 0.4 mV, respectively; the sedimentation rate was one. Scanning electron microscopy showed that tilmicosin might be incorporated in nano-sized crosslinked polymeric networks. Moreover, adhesive studies suggested that tilmicosin composite nanogels could enhance the bioadhesion capacity of tilmicosin for the SASCVs strain. The inhibition zone of native tilmicosin, tilmicosin standard, and tilmicosin composite nanogels were 2.13 ± 0.07, 3.35 ± 0.11, and 1.46 ± 0.04 cm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of native tilmicosin, tilmicosin standard, and tilmicosin composite nanogels against the SASCVs strain were 2, 1, and 1 µg/mL, respectively. The
in vitro
time-killing curves showed that the tilmicosin composite nanogels increased the antibacterial activity against the SASCVs strain.
Conclusions
This study provides a potential strategy for developing tilmicosin composite nanogels to treat cow mastitis caused by the SASCVs strain.
“…Samples were investigated using Xray diffractometer (X-Pert, PAN analytical, Almelo, Netherlands). The angle of diffraction was varied from 10 to 50 (Algharib et al, 2020).…”
Rashid (2021) βcyclodextrin chitosan-based hydrogels with tunable pH-responsive properties for controlled release of acyclovir: design, characterization, safety, and pharmacokinetic evaluation,
“…The imperative consideration on toxicity is of significance for nanogel. Consequently, natural polymers such as alginate [ 179 ], amylopectin [ 180 ], hyaluronic acid [ 181 ] and chitosan [ 182 ] have been utilized as building blocks for nanogel drug delivery system. Fig.…”
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cerebral tumor in adults. However, the current pharmaceuticals in GBM treatment are mainly restricted to few chemotherapeutic drugs and have limited efficacy. Therefore, various nanoscale biomaterials that possess distinct structure and unique property were constructed as vehicles to precisely deliver molecules with potential therapeutic effect. In this review, nanoparticle drug delivery systems including CNTs, GBNs, C-dots, MOFs, Liposomes, MSNs, GNPs, PMs, Dendrimers and Nanogel were exemplified. The advantages and disadvantages of these nanoparticles in GBM treatment were illustrated.
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