Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy

Zinkle, S.J.; Snead, Lance Lewis

doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-070813-113627

Cited by 577 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 145 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

196

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The reactor would have a gas reactor operating at a high temperature (high temperature gas-cooled reactor, HTGR). One of the requirements for this type of reactor (especially for its structural materials, such as its vessel and heat exchanger) is that the material must exhibit high resistance to corrosion and creep; in addition, the material must be able to withstand mechanical loads at a high temperature and be resistant to neutron irradiation (Zinkle & Snead, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Precipitation Hardened Austenitic Stainless Steel Investigated by Electron Microscopy

Dani¹,

Dimiyati²,

Iskandar³

et al. 2018

IJTech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The 56Fe16.6Cr25Ni0.9Si0.5Mn austenitic superalloy has been produced in an induction furnace; it was made from granular ferro-scrap, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, and ferromanganese materials. Originally, this alloy had been proposed for use in high mechanical loads and high temperature conditions (such as in nuclear and fossil fuel power plant facilities). Tensile strength tests showed that the alloy has an average yield strength of about 430.56 MPa, which is higher than Incoloy A-286 (a commercially available alloy). A combination of microscopy techniques by means of an optical microscope, X-ray diffraction [XRD], scanning electron microscopy [SEM], and transmission electron microscopy [TEM] techniques were applied in order to get detailed information about the fine structure of the alloy. XRD confirmed that the alloy matrix exhibits an FCC crystal structure with a lattice parameter of about 3.60 Å and grain sizes ranging from 50 to 100 µm. The results of the TEM analysis revealed the new type of precipitations that formed at the grain boundaries. These needle-like precipitations, probably Fe/Cr-rich precipitations of the (Fe,Cr)xCy type, acted as the source of intergranular corrosion (IGC). Small coherent plate-like and much smaller granular precipitations were found distributed homogenously along grain boundaries and inside the grains. Combining the tensile strength test and microstructure analysis suggested that these precipitations play significant roles in the hardness of the investigated sample.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Precipitation Hardened Austenitic Stainless Steel Investigated by Electron Microscopy

Dani¹,

Dimiyati²,

Iskandar³

et al. 2018

IJTech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1,2 One particular example to that end is the development of fusion as a clean, sustainable energy source, which relies extensively on tungsten for the design of plasma facing components due to its high melting point, good thermal conductivity, high temperature strength, sputtering resistance, and chemical compatibility with tritium. 3 A number of strategies focused on alloy design have been pursued for enhancing the performance of tungsten for extreme environment applications. 4 Refining of the grain size to the ultrafine and nanocrystalline regimes, in particular, has demonstrated promising results for collectively enhancing the mechanical performance 5,6 and defect accommodation under ion irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute stabilization of nanocrystalline tungsten against abnormal grain growth

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Microstructure and phase evolution in magnetron sputtered nanocrystalline tungsten and tungsten alloy thin films are explored through in situ TEM annealing experiments at temperatures up to 1000°C. Grain growth in unalloyed nanocrystalline tungsten transpires through a discontinuous process at temperatures up to 550°C, which is coupled to an allotropic phase transformation of metastable b-tungsten with the A-15 cubic structure to stable body centered cubic (BCC) a-tungsten. Complete transformation to the BCC a-phase is accompanied by the convergence to a unimodal nanocrystalline structure at 650°C, signaling a transition to continuous grain growth. Alloy films synthesized with compositions of W-20 at.% Ti and W-15 at.% Cr exhibit only the BCC a-phase in the as-deposited state, which indicate the addition of solute stabilizes the films against the formation of metastable b-tungsten. Thermal stability of the alloy films is significantly improved over their unalloyed counterpart up to 1000°C, and grain coarsening occurs solely through a continuous growth process. The contrasting thermal stability between W-Ti and W-Cr is attributed to different grain boundary segregation states, thus demonstrating the critical role of grain boundary chemistry in the design of solute-stabilized nanocrystalline alloys. transition with a focus on harsh environment sensors produced by additive manufacturing processes. Professor Trelewicz's research is on the science of interface engineered alloys with particular emphasis on high-strength and radiation-tolerant nanomaterials for extreme environment applications. His group couples in situ and analytical characterization tools with large-scale atomistic simulations to explore the thermal stability, mechanical behavior, and radiation tolerance of solute-stabilized nanocrystalline alloys, crystalline-amorphous nanolaminates, metallic glass matrix composites, and other unique hierarchical metallic structures. Professor Trelewicz is a recipient of the 2017 DOE Early Career

show abstract

“…Refs. [2][3][4][5]. Atoms can be kicked from their lattice sites by energetic neutrons, which leads to the formation of cascades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulations of point defect production in cementite and Cr23C6 inclusions in α-iron: Effects of recoil energy and temperature

Henriksson

2016

AIP Advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of point defects formed in spherical cementite and Cr23C6 inclusions embedded into ferrite (α-iron) has been studied and compared against cascades in pure versions of these materials (only ferrite, Fe3C, or Cr23C6 in a cell). Recoil energies between 100 eV and 3 keV and temperatures between 400 K and 1000 K were used. The overall tendency is that the number of point defects — such as antisites, vacancy and interstitials — increases with recoil energy and temperature. The radial distributions of defects indicate that the interface between inclusions and the host tend to amplify and restrict the defect formation to the inclusions themselves, when compared to cascades in pure ferrite and pure carbide cells.

show abstract

Designing Radiation Resistance in Materials for Fusion Energy

Cited by 577 publications

References 145 publications

A New Precipitation Hardened Austenitic Stainless Steel Investigated by Electron Microscopy

A New Precipitation Hardened Austenitic Stainless Steel Investigated by Electron Microscopy

Solute stabilization of nanocrystalline tungsten against abnormal grain growth

Molecular dynamics simulations of point defect production in cementite and Cr23C6 inclusions in α-iron: Effects of recoil energy and temperature

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About