2017
DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2017.296
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Solute stabilization of nanocrystalline tungsten against abnormal grain growth

Abstract: Microstructure and phase evolution in magnetron sputtered nanocrystalline tungsten and tungsten alloy thin films are explored through in situ TEM annealing experiments at temperatures up to 1000°C. Grain growth in unalloyed nanocrystalline tungsten transpires through a discontinuous process at temperatures up to 550°C, which is coupled to an allotropic phase transformation of metastable b-tungsten with the A-15 cubic structure to stable body centered cubic (BCC) a-tungsten. Complete transformation to the BCC a… Show more

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Cited by 35 publications
(22 citation statements)
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“…This is consistent with anticipated coarsening of the nanograined tungsten via grain growth as observed by a significant reduction in diffraction spots. Grain growth in tungsten films has been shown to becomes facile above 650 °C and should grow to the lengthscale of the pillar diameter by that temperature [ 34 ]. The observation of shear steps at the surface, thus, suggest that the grain diameters have approached the width of the pillar by 850 °C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is consistent with anticipated coarsening of the nanograined tungsten via grain growth as observed by a significant reduction in diffraction spots. Grain growth in tungsten films has been shown to becomes facile above 650 °C and should grow to the lengthscale of the pillar diameter by that temperature [ 34 ]. The observation of shear steps at the surface, thus, suggest that the grain diameters have approached the width of the pillar by 850 °C.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To establish in more detail AGG conditions, it may be useful to apply machine-learning techniques to the analysis of simulation data bases for the three-grain type systems. So far, all the simulations have been conducted in 2D and provide an important insight into 2D abnormal grain growth observed e.g., in thin films [25][26][27][28]. The simulation results also provide guidance for future 3D simulations to specify in more detail AGG conditions for bulk materials.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Abnormal grain growth (AGG) refers to a subset of grains that will grow excessively at the expense of surrounding normal grains leading to an obvious size advantage of the abnormal grains [1,2]. The AGG phenomenon has been observed in many materials, including steels [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11], aluminum alloys [12,13], super alloys [14][15][16], ceramics [17][18][19][20][21], nanocrystalline materials [22][23][24][25] as well as thin films [25][26][27][28]. AGG is of important technological relevance and must be controlled in the thermal processing of polycrystalline materials.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] That is why the purpose of this paper is to develop a model for thermodynamic stability of such NG alloys. Although there is plenty of previous literature on both the synthesis [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] and on modeling the stabilization of NG alloys ) (see also reviews [89][90][91][92][93] ), the present paper is novel as it puts this question into a wider framework of the nano-Calphad method, [94,95] i.e., into the thermodynamic framework originally developed by Gibbs. [96] All previous models on GB stability apply the simplest Langmuir-McLean model [97,98] (see also Reference 99) for modeling grain boundary (GB) energy.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%