Designing Paper-Based Immunoassays for Biomedical Applications

Hristov, Delyan R.; Rodriguez-Quijada, Cristina; Gómez-Márquez, José; Hamad‐Schifferli, Kimberly

doi:10.3390/s19030554

Cited by 95 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 138 publications

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“…Similar to sensitivity, it is defined by many parameters and factors including the cross-reactivity and nonspecific binding to the immunoprobe. On the other hand, fluidic properties of the paper strip as well as sample preparation are important parameters affecting paper assay performance (Hristov et al, 2019). It is expected that different manufacturers will produce different products with different performances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Sensitivity Provided by the Combination of Two Lateral Flow Immunoassay Tests for the Detection of COVID-19 Immunoglobulins

Daoud

McLeod

Stockman

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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SARS-Cov-2 was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a pandemic in March of 2020. COVID-19 has now been reported on every continent. In the United States, the total number of confirmed reported cases of COVID-19 has exceeded 1.8 million with the total death exceeding 100,000 people. The most common investigational diagnostics of this disease are RT-PCR and serology testing. The objective of this work was to validate two commercial kits for the detection of IgM and IgG using lateral flow immunoassay tests and to study the effect of the combination of both serology kits for better detection of immunoglobulins. A total of 195 patients presenting with respiratory symptoms suggestive of infection with SARS-Cov-2 were subject to serology and molecular testing. Two lateral flow immunochromatographic assay kits were used: the Healgen Scientific for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and the Raybiotech for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG. Sensitivity and specificity of each kit alone and in combination were determined and compared. The limit of detection, inter and intra test variations, as well interfering substances and cross reactivity were also studied for both kits. The results show sensitivities for IgM detection varying between 58.9 and 66.2% for the kits alone and 87.7% of the combination of both kits. IgG detection was not significantly affected by this combination. Both kits manifested high specificities (99.2-100%). Both kits showed high clinical performance in terms of cross reactivity and interfering substances. Our results suggest using combinatory testing for the serology of COVID-19 after a full evaluation study, assessing all the parameters affecting their clinical performance before deciding on this combination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Sensitivity Provided by the Combination of Two Lateral Flow Immunoassay Tests for the Detection of COVID-19 Immunoglobulins

Daoud

McLeod

Stockman

2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…For example, paper microfluidics is one of the most extensively used platforms that has been used for a variety of bio-analyte detection, due to its easy availability, low cost, biodegradability, portability, lightweight nature, and self-capillary action that eliminates the need for an external pump. The paper-based MF device is a common candidate for lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA)/test strip/rapid test/dipstick device for the detection of pathogens, antigens, and antibodies [ 43 , 44 , 45 ]. LFIAs generally consists of a sample loading pad, absorbent pad, conjugate pad, a test line, and a control line on a membrane (commonly used nitrocellulose membrane).…”

Section: Microfluidics-based Platformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens Using Photonic Point-of-Care Devices

et al. 2020

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Infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are highly contagious and can easily be transmitted via air, water, body fluids, etc. Throughout human civilization, there have been several pandemic outbreaks, such as the Plague, Spanish Flu, Swine-Flu, and, recently, COVID-19, amongst many others. Early diagnosis not only increases the chance of quick recovery but also helps prevent the spread of infections. Conventional diagnostic techniques can provide reliable results but have several drawbacks, including costly devices, lengthy wait time, and requirement of trained professionals to operate the devices, making them inaccessible in low-resource settings. Thus, a significant effort has been directed towards point-of-care (POC) devices that enable rapid diagnosis of bacterial and viral infections. A majority of the POC devices are based on plasmonics and/or microfluidics-based platforms integrated with mobile readers and imaging systems. These techniques have been shown to provide rapid, sensitive detection of pathogens. The advantages of POC devices include low-cost, rapid results, and portability, which enables on-site testing anywhere across the globe. Here we aim to review the recent advances in novel POC technologies in detecting bacteria and viruses that led to a breakthrough in the modern healthcare industry.

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“…Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) emerged as critical POC tools due to their simplicity, low fabricating costs, easy storage, portability, and disposability. These advantageous features make PADs important for medical diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited areas, emergencies, and in home healthcare, without relying on external devices and reagents [ 14 , 15 ]. There are diversified signal readouts that have been utilized in paper-based sensors that involve electrochemistry, conductivity, fluorescence, and colorimetry [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterial-mediated paper-based biosensors for colorimetric pathogen detection

Nguyen

Kim

2020

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

146

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The pervasive spread of infectious diseases and pandemics, such as the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), are becoming increasingly serious and urgent threats to human health. Preventing the spread of such diseases prioritizes the development of sensing devices that can rapidly, selectively, and reliably detect pathogens at minimal cost. Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are promising tools that satisfy those criteria. Numerous paper-based biosensors have been established that rival conventional pathogen detection methods. Among them, colorimetric strategies are promising since results can be interpreted by eye, and are simple to operate, which is advantageous for point-of-care testing (POCT). Particularly, the application of nanomaterials on paper-based biosensors has become important as these materials are capable of converting signals from pathogens through unique mechanisms to yield an amplified colorimetric readout. To highlight the research progress on using nanomaterials in colorimetric paper-based biosensor for pathogen detection, we discuss the sensing mechanisms of how they work, structural and analytical characteristics of the devices, and representative recent applications. Current challenges and future directions of using PADs and nanomaterial-mediated strategies are also discussed.

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Designing Paper-Based Immunoassays for Biomedical Applications

Cited by 95 publications

References 138 publications

Higher Sensitivity Provided by the Combination of Two Lateral Flow Immunoassay Tests for the Detection of COVID-19 Immunoglobulins

Higher Sensitivity Provided by the Combination of Two Lateral Flow Immunoassay Tests for the Detection of COVID-19 Immunoglobulins

Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens Using Photonic Point-of-Care Devices

Nanomaterial-mediated paper-based biosensors for colorimetric pathogen detection

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