Nanomaterial-mediated paper-based biosensors for colorimetric pathogen detection

Abstract

The pervasive spread of infectious diseases and pandemics, such as the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), are becoming increasingly serious and urgent threats to human health. Preventing the spread of such diseases prioritizes the development of sensing devices that can rapidly, selectively, and reliably detect pathogens at minimal cost. Paper-based analytical devices (PADs) are promising tools that satisfy those criteria. Numerous paper-based biosensors have been established that rival conventional pathogen detection methods. Among them, colorimetric strategies are promising since results can be interpreted by eye, and are simple to operate, which is advantageous for point-of-care testing (POCT). Particularly, the application of nanomaterials on paper-based biosensors has become important as these materials are capable of converting signals from pathogens through unique mechanisms to yield an amplified colorimetric readout. To highlight the research progress on using nanomaterials in colorimetric paper-based biosensor for pathogen detection, we discuss the sensing mechanisms of how they work, structural and analytical characteristics of the devices, and representative recent applications. Current challenges and future directions of using PADs and nanomaterial-mediated strategies are also discussed.

Disposable Paper-Based Biosensors for the Point-of-Care Detection of Hazardous Contaminations—A Review

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Unveiling the Potential Role of Nanozymes in Combating the COVID-19 Outbreak

“…An additional chromogenic substrate made the nanozyme-based LFAs different from conventional AuNP-based LFAs. Therefore, in the presence of the target, the reaction between the nanozyme complex and chromogenic substrate eventually generates a strong colorimetric signal from the respective color-producing reaction compared with that of conventional LFAs [ 70 ]. Asymptomatic patients and cross reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with antibodies of other coronaviruses may result in false measurements.…”

Recent Advances in Microfluidic Devices for Contamination Detection and Quality Inspection of Milk

“…However, to reduce costs and enable a more immediate detection result, it is desirable to analyze the milk quality at the point of production using simple, low-cost methods. As a result, the development of microfluidic platforms for the detection and analysis of milk samples has attracted significant interest in recent years [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. This section of the review describes some of the most significant lab-on-a-chip and lab-on-paper proposals reported in the literature over the past five years for the detection of some of the most common contaminants in milk, namely aflatoxins, antibiotics, drugs, melamine, and foodborne pathogens.…”