Designing, Manufacturing and Testing of a Piezoelectric Polymer Film In-Sole Sensor for Plantar Pressure Distribution Measurements

Rajala, Satu; Mattila, Raisa; Kaartinen, Ilkka; Lekkala, Jukka

doi:10.1109/jsen.2017.2750241

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In 2017 Rajala et al [42] designed a single-axis piezoelectric sensor for plantar pressure measurement. This sensor was made of a piezoelectric functional polymer polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) coated with copper electrodes on both sides.…”

Section: Piezoelectric Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide a uniformly distributed stress on the active sensing area, a rigid dome made of epoxy and metal was glued to each FSR. Similarly, the insole-based measurement system developed by Rajala et al [141] initially contained three piezoelectric pressure sensors, later increased to monitor the heel, hallux, and five MTHs with eight sensors [42] (see Figure 12(b)). Conditioning and interface circuitry required a wired connection to an acquisition PC.…”

Section: B Research-based Footwear Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Insole-based footwear systems for plantar stress measurement. (a) Plantar pressure detection insole[73]; (b) The insole measurement system with eight piezoelectric sensing nodes[42]; (c) sensor interface side and electronic component side of an instrumented insole[139]; (d) all layers of an insolebased sensory system[140]; (e) the insole embedded with the FBG pressure sensor network[99]; (f) an instrumented insole for the plantar pressure and shear stress monitoring, incorporating five biaxial FBG sensing cells[98].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems to Monitor Plantar Loading in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Wang

Jones

Chapman

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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Diabetes is highly prevalent throughout the world and imposes a high economic cost on countries at all income levels. Foot ulceration is one devastating consequence of diabetes, which can lead to amputation and mortality. Clinical assessment of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is currently subjective and limited, impeding effective diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Studies have shown that pressure and shear stress at the plantar surface of the foot plays an important role in the development of DFUs. Quantification of these could provide an improved means of assessment of the risk of developing DFUs. However, commerciallyavailable sensing technology can only measure plantar pressures, neglecting shear stresses and thus limiting their clinical utility. Research into new sensor systems which can measure both plantar pressure and shear stresses are thus critical. Our aim in this paper is to provide the reader with an overview of recent advances in plantar pressure and stress sensing and offer insights into future needs in this critical area of healthcare. Firstly, we use current clinical understanding as the basis to define requirements for wearable sensor systems capable of assessing DFU. Secondly, we review the fundamental sensing technologies employed in this field and investigate the capabilities of the resultant wearable systems, including both commercial and research-grade equipment. Finally, we discuss research trends, ongoing challenges and future opportunities for improved sensing technologies to monitor plantar loading in the diabetic foot.

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Section: Piezoelectric Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Research-based Footwear Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems to Monitor Plantar Loading in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Wang

Jones

Chapman

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

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“…These 16 zones included the aforementioned plantar zones, which are sensitive to external plantar forces. In general, the four sensor cells (1-4) were set at the metatarsals zones, four (5)(6)(7)12) at the plantar arch, four (8)(9)(10)(11) at the calcaneus zones, and four (13)(14)(15)(16) at the phalanges zones.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gerlach et al [5] printed the composite pressure sensor for plantar pressure monitoring. Rajala et al [6] applied piezoelectric polymer films with evaporated copper electrodes to fabricate lightweight and cost-effective matrix film sensors. Lou et al [7] developed multilayer graphene films by using polyester textiles to detect plantar pressure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible sensor matrix film-based wearable plantar pressure force measurement and analysis system

et al. 2020

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Plantar pressure force data derived from gait and posture are commonly used as health indicators for foot diagnosis, injury prevention, and rehabilitation. This study developed a wearable plantar pressure force measurement and analysis (WPPFMA) system based on a flexible sensor matrix film to monitor plantar pressure force in real time. The developed system comprised a flexible sensor matrix film embedded in the insole of the shoe, a wearable data acquisition (DAQ) device with a Bluetooth module, and dedicated software with an intuitive graphical user interface for displaying the plantar pressure force data from receivers by using a terminal unit (laptop or smart-phone). The flexible sensor matrix film integrated 16 piezoresistive cell sensors to detect pressure force at different anatomical zones of the plantar and under different body positions. The signals from the flexible sensor matrix film were collected using the DAQ module embedded in the shoe and transmitted to the receivers through Bluetooth. The real-time display and analysis software can monitor, visualize, and record the detailed plantar pressure force data, such as average pressure force, maximum pressure force, and pressure force distributions and variations over time. The outcomes of the trials in which the system was worn revealed the applicability of the developed WPPFMA system for monitoring plantar pressure force under static and dynamic wearing conditions. The plantar pressure force data derived from this system provide valuable insights for personal foot care, gait analysis, and clinical diagnosis.

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Plantar Pressure‐Based Insole Gait Monitoring Techniques for Diseases Monitoring and Analysis: A Review

Chen

Dai

Grimaldi

et al. 2021

Adv Materials Technologies

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Among diverse wearable techniques, insole‐based plantar pressure monitoring systems have surged as a leading technology to monitor patient's chronic disease progression. Such technological feat has been made possible due to the strong correlation between gait and disease status. Hence, insole‐based plantar pressure monitoring techniques are growing rapidly worldwide; with several research institutions and enterprises showing an increased interest in the field. This review intends to first explain the working principles of mainstream insole plantar sensing techniques and design considerations such as sensing material selection and electronics design requirements, and then the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for plantar pressure distribution reconstruction. Following, this article will discuss disease monitoring applications and the extraction of disease features. Finally, insight regarding common challenges and their potential solutions within the field would be elucidated.

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Designing, Manufacturing and Testing of a Piezoelectric Polymer Film In-Sole Sensor for Plantar Pressure Distribution Measurements

Cited by 34 publications

References 39 publications

A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems to Monitor Plantar Loading in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

A Review of Wearable Sensor Systems to Monitor Plantar Loading in the Assessment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Flexible sensor matrix film-based wearable plantar pressure force measurement and analysis system

Plantar Pressure‐Based Insole Gait Monitoring Techniques for Diseases Monitoring and Analysis: A Review

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