Designing Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)‐Based Bioinks for Visible Light Stereolithographic 3D Biofabrication

Kumar, Hitendra; Sakthivel, Kabilan; Mohamed, Mohamed G. A.; Boras, Emilie; Shin, Su Ryon; Kim, Keekyoung

doi:10.1002/mabi.202170001

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…In this respect, it is fundamentally different from the previous technologies, where the range of usable inks was limited to inks with suitable rheological properties, and the resolution was restricted by the dimensions of the nozzle. [ 68 ] Mishra et al. demonstrated that even PNIPAm inks with a viscosity of less than 10 Pa s, which is more than a factor of 100 less than the inks required for extrusion and inkjet 3D printing, could be successfully processed by stereolithography 3D printing.…”

Section: Engineering Aspects: 3d Printing Technologies For Polymer Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Polymer Hydrogels—From Basic Techniques to Programmable Actuation

Puza

Lienkamp

2022

Adv Funct Materials

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This review discusses the currently available 3D printing approaches, design concepts, and materials that are used to obtain programmable hydrogel actuators. These polymer materials can undergo complex, predetermined types of motion and thereby imitate adaptive natural actuators with anisotropic, hierarchical substructures. 3D printing techniques allow replicating these complex shapes with immense design flexibility. While 3D printing of thermoplastic polymers has become a mainstream technique in rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing of softer polymers including polymer hydrogels is still challenging. To avoid deliquescence of printed hydrogel structures, the polymer inks used for hydrogel manufacture need to be sheer-thinning and thixotropic, with fast recovery rates of the high viscosity state. This is achieved by adding polymer or particle-based viscosity modifiers. Further stabilization of the interfaces of the printed voxels, e.g., by UV cross-linking, is often also required to obtain materials with useful mechanical properties. Here state-of-the-art techniques used to 3D print stimulus responsive, programmable polymer hydrogels, and hydrogel actuators, as well as ink formulation and post-printing strategies used to obtain materials with structural integrity are reviewed.

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Section: Engineering Aspects: 3d Printing Technologies For Polymer Hy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Polymer Hydrogels—From Basic Techniques to Programmable Actuation

Puza

Lienkamp

2022

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Several studies tried to pattern GelMA hydrogels using DMDs (Grogan et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2018Wang et al, , 2021, but this is, to our knowledge, the first example where the stiffness of GelMA has been patterned using projected visible light. Several studies have successfully 3D printed precise structures with GelMA hydrogels using visible light (Lim et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2021;Levato et al, 2021), but without trying to control at the same time the stiffness of the scaffolds. In terms of achievable gradients, our system can generate stiffness gradients with slopes ranging from several hundreds of kPa/mm (at boundaries between areas of defined stiffness) to a few kPa/mm, which spans physiological and pathological gradients in tissues and at tissue interfaces (Vincent et al, 2013).…”

Section: Complex Shape Designsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-Light Stiffness Patterning of GelMA Hydrogels Towards In Vitro Scar Tissue Models

Chalard

Dixon

Taberner

et al. 2022

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Variations in mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix occurs in various processes, such as tissue fibrosis. The impact of changes in tissue stiffness on cell behaviour are studied in vitro using various types of biomaterials and methods. Stiffness patterning of hydrogel scaffolds, through the use of stiffness gradients for instance, allows the modelling and studying of cellular responses to fibrotic mechanisms. Gelatine methacryloyl (GelMA) has been used extensively in tissue engineering for its inherent biocompatibility and the ability to precisely tune its mechanical properties. Visible light is now increasingly employed for crosslinking GelMA hydrogels as it enables improved cell survival when performing cell encapsulation. We report here, the photopatterning of mechanical properties of GelMA hydrogels with visible light and eosin Y as the photoinitiator using physical photomasks and projection with a digital micromirror device. Using both methods, binary hydrogels with areas of different stiffnesses and hydrogels with stiffness gradients were fabricated. Their mechanical properties were characterised using force indentation with atomic force microscopy, which showed the efficiency of both methods to spatially pattern the elastic modulus of GelMA according to the photomask or the projected pattern. Crosslinking through projection was also used to build constructs with complex shapes. Overall, this work shows the feasibility of patterning the stiffness of GelMA scaffolds, in the range from healthy to pathological stiffness, with visible light. Consequently, this method could be used to build in vitro models of healthy and fibrotic tissue and study the cellular behaviours involved at the interface between the two.

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“…However, GelMA prepolymer solution exhibits a fast sol–gel transition at room temperature, which is a hurdle for its use in stereolithography bioprinting. Kumar et al [ 31 ] modified GelMA hydrogels to exhibit slower sol–gel transition at room temperature and faster photopolymerization by optimizing the solvent, the reaction duration and the pH value. They found the modified GelMA exhibited mechanically stable structures with high resolution after DLP printing.…”

Section: Functional Engineering Strategies Of Polymeric Materials For...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional engineering strategies of 3D printed implants for hard tissue replacement

Chen

Huang

Liu

et al. 2022

Regenerative Biomaterials

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3D printing technology with the rapid development of printing materials are widely recognized as a promising way to fabricate bioartificial bone tissues. In consideration of the disadvantages of bone substitutes, including poor mechanical properties, lack of vascularization and insufficient osteointegration, functional modification strategies can provide multiple functions and desired characteristics of printing materials, enhance their physicochemical and biological properties in bone tissue engineering. Thus, this review focuses on the advances of functional engineering strategies for 3D printed biomaterials in hard tissue replacement. It is structured as introducing 3D printing technologies, properties of printing materials (metals, ceramics and polymers) and typical functional engineering strategies utilized in the application of bone, cartilage and joint regeneration.

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Designing Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA)‐Based Bioinks for Visible Light Stereolithographic 3D Biofabrication

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

3D Printing of Polymer Hydrogels—From Basic Techniques to Programmable Actuation

3D Printing of Polymer Hydrogels—From Basic Techniques to Programmable Actuation

Visible-Light Stiffness Patterning of GelMA Hydrogels Towards In Vitro Scar Tissue Models

Functional engineering strategies of 3D printed implants for hard tissue replacement

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