Designing functional aromatic multisulfonyl chloride initiators for complex organic synthesis by living radical polymerization

Synthesis of well-defined star polymers and star block copolymers from dendrimer initiators by atom transfer radical polymerization

“…More recently, some reports have appeared on the synthesis of well-defined star polymers via ATRP using the 'core first' approach. Various families of initiators with precise functionality were designed to serve as central cores, including cyclophosphazene [27,28], calixarene derivatives [29][30][31][32], glucose [33], dendritic moieties [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], multifunctional aromatic sulfonyl chlorides [32,43], and Polymer 46 (2005) halogeno-2,2 0 -bipyridyl-based metallic complexes [44][45][46][47][48]. These initiators were used in conjunctions with either copper, ruthenium, or nickel halides and miscellaneous ligands to grow stars of polystyrene, poly(alkyl acrylate) or poly(alkyl methacrylate) with arm numbers ranging from 3 to 24.…”

Multi‐Arm Star Polyglycerol‐block‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate) and the Respective Multi‐Arm Poly(acrylic acid) Stars

“…CuBr/PMDETA was found to permit good control. Polydispersity indices for the new multi-arm stars were mainly in the range of 1. using arm-first [10][11][12][13] or core-first [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] strategies via the ATRP approach.…”

Atom transfer radical polymerization initiated by N‐bromosuccinimide

“…Therefore, much attention has paid to finding effective initiators. Thus far, many kinds of organic compounds have been found to use as effective initiators in a variety of polymerizations catalyzed by transition metals, such as haloalkanes,2, 4–6 allyl halides,7 haloalkylbenzene,8–11 haloketones,12–14 haloesters,15–21 haloamides,22, 23 halonitriles,24–26 sulfonyl chlorides,27–32 N ‐chlorosulfonamides,33 and so forth.…”