Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications

Shiekh, Parvaiz Ahmad; Andrabi, Syed Muntazir; Singh, Anamika; Majumder, S. B.; Kumar, Ashok

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110234

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…Cryostructuring, including directional freezing of cryogels, has been used to achieve varying degrees of porosity and aligned porosity or anisotropy within cryogels. This approach to cryogel preparation has recently been discussed in a review by Shiekh et al [ 22 ] where different cryogel formats were also considered.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

Jones¹,

Williams²,

Boam³

et al. 2021

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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Cryogels are macroporous polymeric structures formed from the cryogelation of monomers/polymers in a solvent below freezing temperature. Due to their inherent interconnected macroporosity, ease of preparation, and biocompatibility, they are increasingly being investigated for use in biomedical applications such as 3D-bioprinting, drug delivery, wound healing, and as injectable therapeutics. This review highlights the fundamentals of macroporous cryogel preparation, cryogel properties that can be useful in the highlighted biomedical applications, followed by a comprehensive review of recent studies in these areas. Research evaluated includes the use of cryogels to combat various types of cancer, for implantation without surgical incision, and use as highly effective wound dressings. Furthermore, conclusions and outlooks are discussed for the use of these promising and durable macroporous cryogels.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

Jones¹,

Williams²,

Boam³

et al. 2021

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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“…In general, two components for the proposed shape-memory aerogel-based flexible electronics (SMAFE) are polyethylene glycol (PEG) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which demonstrate shape-memory and conductivity, respectively. By employing a combination of unidirectional cryopolymerization and freeze-drying, 35,36 the SMAFE can be equipped with an aligned microstructure that generates anisotropic compressive properties, which has been demonstrated to be effective for improving sensitivity. 37,38 Consequently, the SMAFE exhibits high sensitivity to various pressure stimuli from motions at different positions, such as the throat (talking), foot (walking), and wrist (bending).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisotropic conductive shape-memory aerogels as adaptive reprogrammable wearable electronics for accurate long-term pressure sensing

et al. 2022

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“…Conventional techniques for making 3D porous scaffolds include solvent casting particulate leaching, gas foaming, phase separation, freeze-drying, and electrospinning [ 1 ]. Over the past 20 years, we have seen a significant increase in interest in the use of cryotropic gelation as a method of preparation of 3D porous hydrogel scaffolds [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Cryotropic gelation relies on solvent freezing to create pores in hydrogel material [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Assessment of Biodegradable Macroporous Cryogels as Advanced Tissue Engineering and Drug Carrying Materials

Zoughaib

Yergeshov

2021

Gels

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Cryogels obtained by the cryotropic gelation process are macroporous hydrogels with a well-developed system of interconnected pores and shape memory. There have been significant recent advancements in our understanding of the cryotropic gelation process, and in the relationship between components, their structure and the application of the cryogels obtained. As cryogels are one of the most promising hydrogel-based biomaterials, and this field has been advancing rapidly, this review focuses on the design of biodegradable cryogels as advanced biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering. The selection of a biodegradable polymer is key to the development of modern biomaterials that mimic the biological environment and the properties of artificial tissue, and are at the same time capable of being safely degraded/metabolized without any side effects. The range of biodegradable polymers utilized for cryogel formation is overviewed, including biopolymers, synthetic polymers, polymer blends, and composites. The paper discusses a cryotropic gelation method as a tool for synthesis of hydrogel materials with large, interconnected pores and mechanical, physical, chemical and biological properties, adapted for targeted biomedical applications. The effect of the composition, cross-linker, freezing conditions, and the nature of the polymer on the morphology, mechanical properties and biodegradation of cryogels is discussed. The biodegradation of cryogels and its dependence on their production and composition is overviewed. Selected representative biomedical applications demonstrate how cryogel-based materials have been used in drug delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cancer research, and sensing.

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Designing cryogels through cryostructuring of polymeric matrices for biomedical applications

Cited by 49 publications

References 127 publications

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

Cryogels: recent applications in 3D-bioprinting, injectable cryogels, drug delivery, and wound healing

Anisotropic conductive shape-memory aerogels as adaptive reprogrammable wearable electronics for accurate long-term pressure sensing

Design and Assessment of Biodegradable Macroporous Cryogels as Advanced Tissue Engineering and Drug Carrying Materials

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