Designing and validation of a yoga-based module for obesity with metabolic comorbidities

Abstract

ObjectivesObesity is a condition of increased adipose tissue in the body, which is commonly associated with various comorbidities like diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, back pain, and many others. Yoga modules have been designed and validated for obesity; however, we couldn't find any specific module for metabolic syndrome, a condition which includes obesity, diabetes mellitus type 2 and/or hypertension together. Keeping this in view, our study aimed to develop and validate a specific generic yoga-based intervention module for metabolic syndrome patients.Materials and methodsA yoga module was designed based on traditional and contemporary yoga literature as well as published studies. We derived the yoga practices for the module, from these yoga texts and research evidence were already available. The yoga module was sent to 40 yoga experts for their validation.ResultsTwenty-two experts gave their opinion on the usefulness of a yoga module for patients with metabolic syndrome with some suggestions. Of these experts, 73% were males, and 27% were females. Yoga therapy practices with content validity ratio (CVR) >0.08 were included in the final module. In total, 86% (31 of 36 items) of the items in the initial module were retained.ConclusionA specific yoga-based module for metabolic syndrome was designed and validated by experts. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy and clinical utility of the module.Additional clinical validation is suggested.

Yoga module development and validation: A systematic review with methodological guidelines

“…Twelve articles mentioned that depending on the patient's conditions, practices can be modified. [ 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 ] The duration of the yoga module ranged between 12 min[ 26 ] and 90 min[ 27 28 ] averaging to about 50 min per session. The number of sessions ranged between 1 and 5 sessions per week wherein the complete intervention generally lasted between 5 days[ 29 ] and 3 months.…”

“…[ 42 ] The researchers ranked the articles into three categories: low quality (0–7), medium (8–16), and high (17–23). Only three articles were rated as “low,”[ 14 42 43 ] 25 articles rated as medium quality,[ 17 18 19 23 24 25 27 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 38 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 ] and 8 articles rated as high quality. [ 15 16 21 27 19 34 35 36 ]…”

“…Only three articles were rated as “low,”[ 14 42 43 ] 25 articles rated as medium quality,[ 17 18 19 23 24 25 27 29 30 31 32 33 35 36 38 40 41 42 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 55 ] and 8 articles rated as high quality. [ 15 16 21 27 19 34 35 36 ]…”

“…Some studies included expert consultation at the developmental stage. [ 14 15 16 18 27 31 33 37 49 ] This can be useful to get precise inputs on the practices. Since these yoga modules also involve medical conditions, there is a need to adapt the practices as per the demand/condition of the patient; this justifies the yoga practitioners' and clinicians' viewpoints.…”

Effect of Yoga on Sleep, Self-Esteem and Wellbeing Among Overweight and Obese – A Randomized Controlled Trial

“…The Yoga group received yoga practices for one hour a day, 5 days a week for 13 weeks. The validated yoga practice module for overweight and obese people was used as a Yoga intervention (15) . Yoga intervention was delivered in the morning between 6 am to 7 am in the naturally lighted, ventilated, nose-free community hall.…”