Designing and Testing Composite Energy Storage Systems for Regulating the Outputs of Linear Wave Energy Converters

Nie, Zan; Xiao, Xi; Hiralal, Pritesh; Huang, Xuanrui; McMahon, R.A.; Zhang, Min; Yuan, Weijia

doi:10.3390/en10010114

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Because of their simplicity, supercapacitors are often chosen for the short-time Energy Storage System (ESS) in WECs. In [16,[27][28][29][30][31], the supercapacitors are connected to the DC-link with a bidirectional DC/DC converter. This allows separate control of power flow and DC-link voltage, which also leads to better utilization of the storage.…”

Section: Motivation and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Modelling and Control of a Power Smoothing System for a Novel Wave Energy Converter Prototype

Krüner

Hackl

2022

Sustainability

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This contribution presents the control of the electrical system of a Wave Energy Converter (WEC) prototype developed by SINN Power. Due to the movement of the waves, the generated power has a very high fluctuation with a period of a few seconds. To be able to use this power, it has to be smoothed. The used Energy Storage System (ESS) is a supercapacitor bank, which is directly connected to the DC-link. Therefore, the DC-link voltage has to fluctuate according to the generated power, to charge and discharge the capacitors. The smoothed power is used to charge batteries with a DC/DC converter, which is typically used for photovoltaic applications. The DC-link voltage can be controlled with the current through the DC/DC converter, yielding a nonlinear control system where a stability analysis is carried out to prove a safe and stable operation. Measurement results at the prototype under typical sea conditions are presented, which fit the simulation results. With the presented control system, smooth power output can be guaranteed.

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Section: Motivation and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear Modelling and Control of a Power Smoothing System for a Novel Wave Energy Converter Prototype

Krüner

Hackl

2022

Sustainability

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“…From Equation (10) we can see that V* can be determined by the electromotive force vector of the generator. The quantities E and I* are obtained by combining the two know vectors.…”

Section: Judgment Of Reference Voltage Vector Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is sensitive and has a slow dynamic response. On the other hand, the direct current control has fast characteristics of current feedback control and space vector current control [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of linear generator based on hysteresis‐SVPWM current rectification and bidirectional buck/boost converter used for energy storage

Ali

Wang

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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The free-piston Stirling linear generation system has tremendous applications in space power supply, biomass generation, solar thermal generation, factory waste heat generation, and other industrial fields. However, the free-piston Stirling linear generation system suffered from the disadvantages of fluctuation of output electric energy and self-starting. To solve the aforesaid problems, a two-level electric energy conversion control mode which combines three-phase AC/DC and bidirectional buck/boost DC to DC converter is proposed in this paper to make the generation system with stable output DC power. Then, both the linear and non-linear mathematical model of the free-piston Stirling engine are established. Additionally, to improve the performance of frequency and displacement tracking, the traditional proportional-integral (PI) in the position loop is replaced by Proportional Resonance (PR) controller. Moreover, the Hysteresis-SVPWM current control strategy with high robustness and dynamic response is applied to the rectifier to realize the unit power factor control of the AC side of the generator and the stability and controllability of the DC side voltage. Finally, the three-phase voltage Source Rectifier (VSR) and Bi-directional DC/DC with an appropriate inductance and capacitance for energy storage are modelled. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated using theoretical analysis and simulations in Matlab.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…The controller maintains the battery's SOC between 30% and 90%. More details pertaining to the battery DC/DC controller, the circuit and the control challenges can be found in [25], [26]. …”

Section: B the Battery Dc/dc Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Improvement of DC Power Systems in an All-Electric Ship Using Hybrid SMES/Battery

Alafnan

Zhang

Yuan

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/64860/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. Abstract-As the capacity of all-electric ships (AES) increases dramatically, the sudden changes in the system load may lead to serious problems, such as voltage fluctuations of the ship power grid, increased fuel consumption and environmental emissions. In order to reduce the effects of system load fluctuations on system efficiency, and to maintain the bus voltage, we propose a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) for use in AESs. The HESS consists of two elements: a battery for high energy density storage and a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for high power density storage. A dynamic droop control is used to control charge/discharge prioritisation. Manoeuvring and pulse loads are the main sources of the sudden changes in AESs. There are several types of pulse loads, including electric weapons. These types of loads need large amounts of energy and high electrical power, which makes the HESS a promising power source. Using Simulink/Matlab, we built a model of the AES power grid integrated with a SMES/battery to show its effectiveness in improving the quality of the power grid.  Index Terms--All-electric ship (AES), hybrid energy storage system (HESS), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), pulse load.

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Designing and Testing Composite Energy Storage Systems for Regulating the Outputs of Linear Wave Energy Converters

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Nonlinear Modelling and Control of a Power Smoothing System for a Novel Wave Energy Converter Prototype

Nonlinear Modelling and Control of a Power Smoothing System for a Novel Wave Energy Converter Prototype

Control of linear generator based on hysteresis‐SVPWM current rectification and bidirectional buck/boost converter used for energy storage

Stability Improvement of DC Power Systems in an All-Electric Ship Using Hybrid SMES/Battery

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