Designing an Electro-Mechanical Ventilator Based on Double CAM Integration Mechanism

Abstract

This paper proposes a simplified structure of microcontroller based mechanical ventilator integrated with a Bag-Valve-Musk (BVM) ventilation mechanism. Here, an Ambu bag is operated with computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) arm that is commanded via a microcontroller and manual switches by sending a control signal to the mechanical system and according to this control signal, the mechanical computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) arm simultaneously compresses and decompresses the Ambu bag. It is a selfinflating bag and like a one-way valve around its inlet and outlet corner. By compressing the Ambu bag it delivers air and by relaxing, it takes air from the environment through a mechanical scavenger. The control signals are designed with three modes named adult mode, pediatric mode, and child mode based on the respiratory rate. The device is in assist controlled mode by dint of fixing the tidal volume for all unique control signals. The control signal is visualized by a platform known as the BIOPAC student's lab system. The proposed device is portable, compact, low weight, and efficient performable. It can be supplied around the rural area hospitals for immediate medication with cost efficiency and risk avoidance. Anyone can operate it as no need to study or training of ventilation rules like ICU ventilator. The proposed system is safe, riskless, and repairable. The angle, volume, and respiratory measurement have found 95%, 92%, and 90% accuracy respectively. By applying this portable ventilator system immediate attention can be taken up in rural or general hospitals and in ambulances.

Breathing Aid Devices to Support Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)Infected Patients

“…In contrast, oxygen therapy has a relatively higher cost than others [46]. Similarly, both ventilator and CPAP are light weight [53,55,58] where oxygen therapy device has heavy weight as it consists of many complex parts [48]. Except medical technologies, there are several technologies that are used to develop these devices such as microcontroller, CAM, electronics, and mechanical.…”

“…Except medical technologies, there are several technologies that are used to develop these devices such as microcontroller, CAM, electronics, and mechanical. Arduino Nano is frequently used in many breathing aid systems [55,57,61,62] to control the signal received from other equipment. Different electronic devices sucg as multiplexer, comparator, oscillator, capacitor, D/A converter, MOSFET, 3D printer, digital display are used in oxygen therapy devices [38], ventilators [53,54,58], and CPAP devices [61].…”

“…4 CPAP devices for respiration support. a PAPR [62], b PUMANI bubbleCPAP [63], c Saans [65] devices, it is operated mechanically or using CAM arm [52,55]. Almost all of the devices can be used in a different environment like home, hospital, and ambulance.…”

“…Islam and Ahmad [55] developed a microcontroller-based mechanical ventilator using BVM ventilation mechanism and AMBU bag. Here, this AMBU bag is operated (compressed and decompressed) with computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) arm which is controlled via a control signal sent from microcontroller.…”

Mechatronic Design and Robust Control of an Artificial Ventilator in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…NIV is relatively easy to apply and can be used for short intervals because it can be started and stopped very easily and the major advantage of avoiding the complications associated with intubation and they are usually more comfortable for the patients reducing the need for anesthesia required for intubation [3]. In recent works it is possible to find developments of artificial ventilators as full-professional devices [4]- [6], nonetheless, different efforts have been done in order to develop low-cost artificial ventilators as seen in [7], [8], and due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the efforts for developing a low-cost ventilator have increased significantly because of the lack of this devices within the public health institutions. One of the possible solutions for the development of an artificial ventilator is the conditioning of existing technology, such as the case of airway mask units (AMBU) [9], which are devices for manual artificial ventilation, that can be automated by using adequate mechanisms and control systems.…”