‘Designer oils’ low in n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio beneficially modifies cardiovascular risks in mice

Riediger, Natalie D.; Azordegan, Nazila; Harris‐Janz, Sydney; W.L., David; Suh, Miyoung; Moghadasian, Mohammed H.

doi:10.1007/s00394-009-0015-0

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The inflammatory effect of a high omega 6/omega 3 fatty acid ratio during inflammation has been demonstrated in recent human studies [44,45], in vitro studies [46,47] and animal studies [48,49]. The higher LA levels in phospholipids in plasma and cell membranes seem to be a major factor responsible for incomplete Resoleomics reactions.…”

Section: Nutritional Factors and Resoleomicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering

2012

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Serhan and colleagues introduced the term "Resoleomics" in 1996 as the process of inflammation resolution. The major discovery of Serhan's work is that onset to conclusion of an inflammation is a controlled process of the immune system (IS) and not simply the consequence of an extinguished or "exhausted" immune reaction. Resoleomics can be considered as the evolutionary mechanism of restoring homeostatic balances after injury, inflammation and infection. Under normal circumstances, Resoleomics should be able to conclude inflammatory responses. Considering the modern pandemic increase of chronic medical and psychiatric illnesses involving chronic inflammation, it has become apparent that Resoleomics is not fulfilling its potential resolving capacity. We suggest that recent drastic changes in lifestyle, including diet and psycho-emotional stress, are responsible for inflammation and for disturbances in Resoleomics. In addition, current interventions, like chronic use of anti-inflammatory medication, suppress Resoleomics. These new lifestyle factors, including the use of medication, should be considered health hazards, as they are capable of long-term or chronic activation of the central stress axes. The IS is designed to produce solutions for fast, intensive hazards, not to cope with long-term, chronic stimulation. The never-ending stress factors of recent lifestyle changes have pushed the IS and the central stress system into a constant state of activity, leading to chronically unresolved inflammation and increased vulnerability for chronic disease. Our hypothesis is that modern diet, increased psycho-emotional stress and chronic use of anti-inflammatory medication disrupt the natural process of inflammation resolution ie Resoleomics.

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Section: Nutritional Factors and Resoleomicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering

2012

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“…Light microscopy was used to evaluate each stained section for evidence of microvesicular and macovesicular fatty acid changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis. An arbitrary score from 0-3 was assigned for steatosis (0 = <5%; 1 = 5%-33%; 2 = 33%-66%; 3 = >66%) and inflammation (0 = no inflammation; 1 = 1-2 foci; 2 = 2-4 foci; 3 = >4 foci) using the standardized clinical NAFLD activity score (Riediger et al 2009). …”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following fixation in 10% formalin, liver segments were sectioned (5 m thickness) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histological evaluation of steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration (Riediger et al 2009). Light microscopy was used to evaluate each stained section for evidence of microvesicular and macovesicular fatty acid changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis.…”

Section: Histologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oils rich in α-linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the Δ6-desaturase null mouse

Monteiro

Askarian

Nakamura

et al. 2013

Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol.

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Alpha-linolenic acid's (ALA) biological activity is poorly understood and primarily associated with its conversion to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Delta-6 desaturase (D6D) initiates the metabolism of linoleic acid (LA) and ALA to arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA, respectively. In this study, D6D knock-out (D6KO) mice were used to evaluate the effects of ALA-rich oils in preventing hepatic steatosis and inflammation. D6KO and wild-type mice were fed 1 of 4 high-fat (14% w/w) diets: (i) lard (LD, 0% n-3 PUFA), (ii) canola oil + ARASCO (CD, 8% ALA), (iii) flax seed oil + ARASCO (FD, 55% ALA), (iv) menhaden oil (MD, 30% EPA/DHA) for 8 or 20 weeks. Livers of D6KO mice consuming CD and FD were depleted of EPA/DHA, and enriched in ALA. Markers of fat accumulation and inflammation were lowest in the MD-fed mice, at 8 and 20 weeks, regardless of genotype. CD- and FD-fed D6KO groups were found to have lower liver lipid accumulation and lower hepatic inflammation relative to the LD-fed mice at 8 weeks. In conclusion, while MD was the most protective, this study shows that ALA can act independently on risk factors associated with the development of fatty liver disease.

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“…By contrast, the isogenic maize lines allowed for relatively highly controlled studies of the mechanism of action of dietary anthocyanins, which are supported by the data from the human epidemiological studies. The beneficial impact of high n-3:n-6 PUFA ratios on CVD is well recognized (Bucher et al, 2002;He et al, 2002;Maillard et al, 2002;Erkkilä et al, 2003;Iso et al, 2006;Sontrop and Campbell 2006;von Schacky and Harris, 2007;Ramel et al, 2009;Riediger et al, 2009), and it may be that the primary mechanism of action of dietary anthocyanins is through their modulation of plasma n-3 PUFA levels. n-3 PUFAs are believed to promote health in various ways: through altering membrane fluidity, beneficially altering the binding of inflammatory cytokines to their receptors, and promoting the production of less inflammatory (anti-inflammatory) eicosanoids compared with n-6 PUFAs.…”

Section: Identification Of the Mechanisms Of Action Of Phytonutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly significant in this respect is the relative decline in consumption of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which occurred concomitant with increased consumption of cereals (which are low in n-3 PUFAs) and was exacerbated by animal husbandry switching to feed based on cereals. Diets with low n-3:n-6 PUFA ratios have been linked to higher incidences of cancer, CVD, obesity, inflammatory diseases, and, more recently, various mental illnesses, including depression, hyperactivity, and dementia (Bucher et al, 2002;He et al, 2002;Maillard et al, 2002;Erkkilä et al, 2003;Iso et al, 2006;Sontrop and Campbell, 2006;Carpentier et al, 2006;von Schacky and Harris, 2007;Li et al, 2008;Ramel et al, 2009;Riediger et al, 2009). While such evolutionary arguments may appear superficial and designed to appeal to conservatives promoting ethnic dietary habits, studies of present-day hunter-gatherer cultures show members to be almost completely free from chronic degenerative diseases (Eaton et al, 2002b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Research on Plants Contribute to Promoting Human Health?

et al. 2011

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One of the most pressing challenges for the next 50 years is to reduce the impact of chronic disease. Unhealthy eating is an increasing problem and underlies much of the increase in mortality from chronic diseases that is occurring worldwide. Diets rich in plant-based foods are strongly associated with reduced risks of major chronic diseases, but the constituents in plants that promote health have proved difficult to identify with certainty. This, in turn, has confounded the precision of dietary recommendations. Plant biochemistry can make significant contributions to human health through the identification and measurement of the many metabolites in plant-based foods, particularly those known to promote health (phytonutrients). Plant genetics and metabolic engineering can be used to make foods that differ only in their content of specific phytonutrients. Such foods offer research tools that can provide significant insight into which metabolites promote health and how they work. Plant science can reduce some of the complexity of the diet-health relationship, and through building multidisciplinary interactions with researchers in nutrition and the pathology of chronic diseases, plant scientists can contribute novel insight into which foods reduce the risk of chronic disease and how these foods work to impact human health.

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‘Designer oils’ low in n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio beneficially modifies cardiovascular risks in mice

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering

Chronic inflammatory diseases are stimulated by current lifestyle: how diet, stress levels and medication prevent our body from recovering

Oils rich in α-linolenic acid independently protect against characteristics of fatty liver disease in the Δ6-desaturase null mouse

How Can Research on Plants Contribute to Promoting Human Health?

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