Designation of Two New Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes G and H

Puterka, Gary J.; Peters, Don C.; Kerns, David L.; Slosser, J. E.; Bush, L.J.; Worrall, D. W.; McNew, R. W.

doi:10.1093/jee/81.6.1754

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…This lack of diversity is consistent with previous reports that identiÞed biotypes E and I to be dominant in Nebraska (Kindler et al 1984, Bowling et al 1994). (1961), Harvey and Hackerott (1969), Teetes et al (1974), Johnson et al (1982), Porter et al (1982), Peterson et al (1984), Kindler and Spomer (1986), Puterka et al (1988), Harvey et al (1991), Andrews et al (1993), Beregovoy and Peters (1995), Harvey et al (1997), and Peters et al (1997).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotypic Diversity in Greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Characterizing New Virulence and Host Associations

Burd

Porter

2006

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Biotypic diversity of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), was assessed among populations collected from cultivated wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and sorghum, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, and their associated noncultivated grass hosts. Greenbugs were collected during May through August 2002 from 30 counties of Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Discounting the presumptive biotype A, five of the remaining nine letter-designated greenbug biotypes were collected; however, biotypes C, F, J, and K were not detected. Biotypes E and I exhibited the greatest host range and were the only biotypes collected in all four states. Sixteen greenbug clones, collected from eight plant species, exhibited unique biotype profiles. Eleven were collected from noncultivated grasses, three from wheat, and two from sorghum. The most virulent biotypes were collected from noncultivated hosts. The great degree of biotypic diversity among noncultivated grasses supports the contention that the greenbug species complex is composed of host-adapted races that diverged on grass species independently of, and well before, the advent of modern agriculture.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotypic Diversity in Greenbug (Hemiptera: Aphididae): Characterizing New Virulence and Host Associations

Burd

Porter

2006

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“…Their small size, short life cycle, and high fecundity often permit dramatic rises in population sizes. Also, rapid differentiation of populations into insecticideresistant strains necessitates increasing insecticidal treatments, which are economically and ecologically undesirable (Puterka et al 1988). Therefore, an effective way to delay resistance to insecticides and still maintain insect population densities below the economic threshold is to reduce the use of pesticides with the integration of other control strategies (Tabashnik 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii

Badawy¹,

El-Aswad²

2012

Plant Prot. Sci.

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Badawy M.E.I., El-Aswad A.F. (2012): Insecticidal activity of chitosans of different molecular weights and chitosan-metal complexes against cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis and oleander aphid Aphis nerii. Plant Protect. Sci., 48: 131-141.As an alternative to synthetic pesticides, chitosan has received much attention as a biopolymer active against some agricultural pests. The, insecticidal activity of chitosans of four molecular weights (2.27 × 10 5 , 3.60 × 10 5 , 5.97 × 10 5 , and 9.47 × 10 5 g/mol) was investigated against two species of arthropod pests: oleander aphidAphis nerii and cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. In addition, the most active chitosan of 2.27 × 10 5 g/mol was chemically modified with metals of Ag(I), Cu(II), Ni(II), and Hg(II) to give corresponding chitosan-metal complexes. Larval mortality, growth inhibition, and antifeedant activities for third instar larvae of S. littoralis were evaluated at 4 g (a.i.) chitosan/kg diet. Chitosan of 2.27 × 10 5 g/mol and its complexes with Ni and Hg were the most active compounds. The results against A. nerii indicated that chitosans of 3.60 × 10 5 and 5.97 × 10 5 g/mol showed high activity among the different molecular weights in leaf-dip bioassay after 24 h of treatment with 48 and 49% mortalities, respectively, at 1000 mg/l. All compounds had a systemic effect against A. nerii. Chitosans of 2.27 × 10 5 , 3.60 × 10 5 , and 5.97 × 10 5 g/mol showed the highest efficacy at all concentrations tested; however, chitosan-Cu was significantly the most active among the complexes.

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“…Prior to 1968, six greenbug biotypes, designated as A, B, C, D, E, and F, had been identified, all differing in their damage to cereals (Wood, 1961(Wood, , 1971Harvey & Hackerott, 1969a, b;Wood et aI., 1969;Teetes et aI., 1975;Puterka et aI., 1982;Araya et al, 1989); Biotype D is closely related to biotype C, but it has as much as a 30-fold resistance to organophosphorous insecticides over biotype C (Peters et al, 1975;Teetes et al, 1975;Chang et al, 1980). In 1988, Puterka et al (1988) reported the development of biotypes G and H.…”

Section: -112 Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%