Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observational Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions in Singles Badminton

Abstract

Technical and tactical actions are decisive in terms of badminton player competitive performance. The main objective of this research was to design, validate, and estimate the reliability of an observational instrument for the analysis of the tactical and technical actions in individual badminton. The process was carried out in four different steps: first, there was a review of the scientific literature and a preliminary list of variables was made; second, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was completed by 10 badminton expert judges; in the third step, the content validity was estimated using Aiken’s V coefficient; finally, intra-observer reliability and interobserver reliability were tested by two observers specialized in badminton using the Cohen’s Kappa coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Strokes were used as the unit of measure by our observational instrument; every time badminton players hit the shuttlecock, 22 variables (eight contextual variables, seven variables related to the result of the match, and seven variables related to the game) are observed. The minimum Aiken’s value was 0.58, and reliability was 0.63. In spite of these values, none of the variables had to be removed, but there were modifications in terms of drafting in some of them. The main findings confirmed the validity and the usefulness of this instrument.

Construction of Validity and Reliability of an Observational Instrument to Assess the Technical Execution in Lead Climbing

“…Additionally, these instruments focus on assessing the novice climber in lead climbing. In term of statistics, the selected variables provide an appropriated content validity to the observational instrument, being valid to assess the technical execution in lead climbing, since the involvement of Aiken's V formula in calculations, its outputs showed a positive evaluation of the different variables in both sides tested (pertinence and definition) [57].…”

Recognition of Badminton Shot Action Based on the Improved Hidden Markov Model

“…Sports action recognition systems are developed to perform analysis in sport science, provide objective measurement, and enhance the efficiency and accuracy of sports performance [ 2 , 3 ]. Generally, sports action recognition systems are developed using machine and deep learning approaches with data measured by an inertial and magnetic sensor or by computer vision technologies [ 4 ].…”

Reliability of a Qualitative Instrument to Assess High-Risk Mechanisms during a 90° Change of Direction in Female Football Players

“…In terms of rating the frontal plane trunk position (item 6), it must be noted that this is the only item with more than two categories. This fact could have made its evaluation clearer, as it might have required a more precise definition or criterion to differentiate each category [ 80 , 81 , 82 ].…”

“…Future research should explore the content validity of the CMAS tool as well as give quantitative references for each criterion to create more objective observable categories. As suggested by previous studies, to complete the process of validation of an observational instrument focused on technical actions in sports, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the content validity should be performed by at least 10 experts in the field [ 59 , 77 , 78 , 82 ]. This might help to make the items, definitions and instructions included within the manual of the CMAS tool more precise and clearer.…”