Design Rule of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Sensors for Ultra-High Sensitivity

Xie, Yiwei; Zhang, Ming; Dai, Daoxin

doi:10.3390/s20092640

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this segment, we have reviewed the three most commonly studied integrated photonic biosensors based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) [19], Young's interferometer (YI) [20], and micro-ring resonator (RRs) [21,22] structures.…”

Section: Integrated Photonic Biosensing Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Optical Devices for Biomedical Sensing Applications—A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical sensors for biomedical applications have gained prominence in recent decades due to their compact size, high sensitivity, reliability, portability, and low cost. In this review, we summarized and discussed a few selected techniques and corresponding technological platforms enabling the manufacturing of optical biomedical sensors of different types. We discussed integrated optical biosensors, vertical grating couplers, plasmonic sensors, surface plasmon resonance optical fiber biosensors, and metasurface biosensors, Photonic crystal-based biosensors, thin metal films biosensors, and fiber Bragg grating biosensors as the most representative cases. All of these might enable the identification of symptoms of deadly illnesses in their early stages; thus, potentially saving a patient’s life. The aim of this paper was not to render a definitive judgment in favor of one sensor technology over another. We presented the pros and cons of all the major sensor systems enabling the readers to choose the solution tailored to their needs and demands.

show abstract

Section: Integrated Photonic Biosensing Platformmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-Art Optical Devices for Biomedical Sensing Applications—A Review

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…e MZI is the main building block in the silicon photonic waveguide structure; it has many different roles to play with a modification. MZI can be used as a wavelength multiplexer [26], demultiplexer [27], isolator [28], switch [29], sensor [30], etc. MZI consists of a splitter, a combiner, and two asymmetric waveguide arms: the reference arm and sensing arm use dielectric-based (SiO 2 or Si 3 N 4 ) waveguide on the silicon substrate.…”

Section: Circuit Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Transverse Electric Photonic Strip Waveguide Biosensor for Detecting Diabetes Mellitus from Bulk Sensitivity

Kumaar

Sivasubramanian

2021

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The present paper investigates the bulk sensitivity of silicon and silicon nitride strip waveguides in the transverse electric (TE) mode. At 1550 nm wavelength, silicon on insulator (SOI) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) are two distinct waveguides of the same geometry structure that can react to refractive changes around the waveguide surface. This article examines the response of two silicon-based waveguide structures to the refractive index of urine samples (human renal fluids) to diagnose diabetes mellitus. An asymmetric Mach–Zehnder interferometer has waveguide sensing and a reference arm with a device that operates in the transverse electric (TE) mode. 3D FDTD simulated waveguide width 800 nm, thickness 220 nm, and analyte thickness 130 nm give the bulk sensitivity of 1.09 (RIU/RIU) and 1.04 (RIU/RIU) for silicon and silicon nitride, respectively, high compared to the regular transverse magnetic (TM) mode strip waveguides. Furthermore, the proposed design gives simple fabrication, contrasting sharply with the state-of-the-art 220 nm wafer technology.

show abstract

“…In recent years, the application of optical fiber sensors (such as Mach–Zehnder, Michelson, or Fabry–Perot) on railway health monitoring was investigated [ 16 ]. The Mach–Zehnder sensor measures the variation of the phase shift between two collimated beams derived by splitting light from a single light source [ 17 , 18 ]. The Michelson interferometer device measures the optical path difference between two splitting laser beams [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Strain Measurement Approach Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Monitoring of Railway Switches and Crossings

Kerrouche

Najeh

Jaen-Sola

2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Railway infrastructure plays a major role in providing the most cost-effective way to transport freight and passengers. The increase in train speed, traffic growth, heavier axles, and harsh environments make railway assets susceptible to degradation and failure. Railway switches and crossings (S&C) are a key element in any railway network, providing flexible traffic for trains to switch between tracks (through or turnout direction). S&C systems have complex structures, with many components, such as crossing parts, frogs, switchblades, and point machines. Many technologies (e.g., electrical, mechanical, and electronic devices) are used to operate and control S&C. These S&C systems are subject to failures and malfunctions that can cause delays, traffic disruptions, and even deadly accidents. Suitable field-based monitoring techniques to deal with fault detection in railway S&C systems are sought after. Wear is the major cause of S&C system failures. A novel measuring method to monitor excessive wear on the frog, as part of S&C, based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical fiber sensors, is discussed in this paper. The developed solution is based on FBG sensors measuring the strain profile of the frog of S&C to determine wear size. A numerical model of a 3D prototype was developed through the finite element method, to define loading testing conditions, as well as for comparison with experimental tests. The sensors were examined under periodic and controlled loading tests. Results of this pilot study, based on simulation and laboratory tests, have shown a correlation for the static load. It was shown that the results of the experimental and the numerical studies were in good agreement.

show abstract

Design Rule of Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Sensors for Ultra-High Sensitivity

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

State-of-the-Art Optical Devices for Biomedical Sensing Applications—A Review

State-of-the-Art Optical Devices for Biomedical Sensing Applications—A Review

Optimization of the Transverse Electric Photonic Strip Waveguide Biosensor for Detecting Diabetes Mellitus from Bulk Sensitivity

Experimental Strain Measurement Approach Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Monitoring of Railway Switches and Crossings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About