Design, performance, and cost characteristics of high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage

Abstract

A conceptual design for superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) using oxide superconductors with higher critical temperature than metallic superconductors has been analyzed for design features, refrigeration requirements, and estimated costs of major components. The study covered the energy storage range from 2 to 200 MWh at power levels from 4 to 400 MW.A SMES that uses high temperature superconductors (HTS) and operates at high magnetic field (e.g., 10 tesla), can be more compact than a comparable, conventional low-temperature device at lower field. The refrigeration power required for a higher temperature unit (20 to 77 Kelvin) will be less by 60 to 90 percent. The improvement in energy efficiency is significant for small units, but less important for large ones. The material cost for HTS units is dominated by the cost of superconductor, so that the total cost of an HTS system will be comparable to a low temperature system only if the superconductor price in $/Ampere-meter is made comparable by increasing current density or decreasing wire cost.

The market potential for SMES in electric utility applications. Final report

“…HTS coils might also be desirable, for example, to reduce refrigeration operating costs. The only disadvantage is that by using HTS the coil cost might be increased by a factor of two to four [39]. This is ultimately dependent on the current carwing capability and wire cost of HTS which is highly uncertain.…”