Design Parameters of a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation and a Case Study of Its Applicability to Low-Grade Waste Energy

Tewodros, Bitaw Nigatu; Yang, Dae Ryook; Park, Kiho

doi:10.3390/membranes12121279

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Then, the internal heat transfer coefficient is defined (Tewodros et al, 2022). If the saline solution was on the feed side of DCMD, mass transfer phenomena should consider the concentration polarization effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin film theory and boundary layer theory, an approach for analysing heat and mass transfer in spacer-filled Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Linh Ve,

Cuong Do,

Cuong Nguyen

et al. 2024

Indian J. Eng.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin film theory and boundary layer theory, an approach for analysing heat and mass transfer in spacer-filled Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Linh Ve,

Cuong Do,

Cuong Nguyen

et al. 2024

Indian J. Eng.

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“…Understanding heat and mass transport in MD is important to design, improve, and optimize the process and module design [3,[16][17][18]. Numerous semi-empirical correlations have been proposed to calculate the Nusselt number (Nu) for heat transfer coefficient in MD channels (see Section 2.3) [13,19]. The ultimate selection of the correlation for the Nu for a given fluid is a function of the applied hydrodynamics and the system configuration (e.g., flat sheet, hollow fiber).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Heat and Mass Transport Correlations for Hollow Membrane Distillation Modules

et al. 2023

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Development and optimization of the membrane distillation (MD) process are strongly associated with better understanding of heat and mass transport across the membrane. The current state-of-the-art on heat and mass transport in MD greatly relies upon the use of various empirical correlations for the Nusselt number (Nu), tortuosity factor (τ), and thermal conductivity (κm) of the membrane. However, the current literature lacks investigations about finding the most representative combination of these three parameters for modeling transport phenomena in MD. In this study, we investigated 189 combinations of Nu, κm, and τ to assess their capability to predict the experimental flux and outlet temperatures of feed and permeate streams for hollow fiber MD modules. It was concluded that 31 out of 189 tested combinations could predict the experimental flux with reasonable accuracy (R2 > 0.95). Most of the combinations capable of predicting the flux reasonably well could predict the feed outlet temperature well; however, the capability of the tested combinations to predict the permeate outlet temperatures was poor, and only 13 combinations reasonably predicted the experimental temperature. As a generally observed tendency, it was noted that in the best-performing models, most of the correlations used for the determination of κm were parallel models. The study also identified the best-performing combinations to simultaneously predict flux, feed, and permeate outlet temperatures. Thus, it was noted that the best model to simultaneously predict flux, feed, and permeate outlet temperatures consisted of the following correlations for τ, Nu, and κm: τ=ε1−1−ε1/3, Nu=0.13Re0.64Pr0.38, κm=1−εκpol+εκair where ε, Re, Prκpol, and κair represent membrane porosity, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, thermal conductivities of polymer and air, respectively.

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“…Depending on the approach for vapor condensation, MD can be classified into four major configurations [ 13 ], including air gap membrane distillation (AGMD) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], sweeping-gas membrane distillation (SGMD) [ 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ], direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) [ 12 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) [ 12 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Recently, a new MD configuration that combined the features of AGMD and DCMD processes was introduced and named water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ] or permeate gap membrane distillation (PGMD) [ 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ], or liquid gap membrane distillation (LGMD) [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation of a Plate–Frame Water Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination

Lawal,

Abdulazeez,

Alsalhy

et al. 2023

Membranes

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This study presented a detailed investigation into the performance of a plate–frame water gap membrane distillation (WGMD) system for the desalination of untreated real seawater. One approach to improving the performance of WGMD is through the proper selection of cooling plate material, which plays a vital role in enhancing the gap vapor condensation process. Hence, the influence of different cooling plate materials was examined and discussed. Furthermore, two different hydrophobic micro-porous polymeric membranes of similar mean pore sizes were utilized in the study. The influence of key operating parameters, including the feed water temperature and flow rate, was examined against the system vapor flux and gained output ratio (GOR). In addition, the used membranes were characterized by means of different techniques in terms of surface morphology, liquid entry pressure, water contact angle, pore size distribution, and porosity. Findings revealed that, at all conditions, the PTFE membrane exhibits superior vapor flux and energy efficiency (GOR), with 9.36% to 14.36% higher flux at a 0.6 to 1.2 L/min feed flow rate when compared to the PVDF membrane. The copper plate, which has the highest thermal conductivity, attained the highest vapor flux, while the acrylic plate, which has an extra-low thermal conductivity, recorded the lowest vapor flux. The increasing order of GOR values for different cooling plates is acrylic < HDPE < copper < aluminum < brass < stainless steel. Results also indicated that increasing the feed temperature increases the vapor flux almost exponentially to a maximum flux value of 30.36 kg/m2hr. The system GOR also improves in a decreasing pattern to a maximum value of 0.4049. Moreover, a long-term test showed that the PTFE membrane, which exhibits superior hydrophobicity, registered better salt rejection stability. The use of copper as a cooling plate material for better system performance is recommended, while cooling plate materials with very low thermal conductivities, such as a low thermally conducting polymer, are discouraged.

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Design Parameters of a Direct Contact Membrane Distillation and a Case Study of Its Applicability to Low-Grade Waste Energy

Cited by 5 publications

References 51 publications

Thin film theory and boundary layer theory, an approach for analysing heat and mass transfer in spacer-filled Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Thin film theory and boundary layer theory, an approach for analysing heat and mass transfer in spacer-filled Direct Contact Membrane Distillation

Determination of Heat and Mass Transport Correlations for Hollow Membrane Distillation Modules

Experimental Investigation of a Plate–Frame Water Gap Membrane Distillation System for Seawater Desalination

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