Design optimisation of cyber‐physical distributed systems using IEEE time‐sensitive networks

Pop, Paul; Raagaard, Michael Lander; Craciunas, Silviu S.; Steiner, Wilfried

doi:10.1049/iet-cps.2016.0021

Cited by 125 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…With event triggering, the frame transmissions follow the predefined time triggered pattern, resulting in so-called time triggered traffic [92], [170], [179], [180]. Pop et al [129] have designed a joint routing and scheduling optimization that evaluates the time trigger events to minimize the worst-case end-to-end frame delay. The time trigger schedule is based on an optimization problem formulated with integer linear programming.…”

Section: Flow Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: The IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet Standards and Related 5G ULL Research

Nasrallah

Thyagaturu

Alharbi

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

439

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many network applications, e.g., industrial control, demand Ultra-Low Latency (ULL). However, traditional packet networks can only reduce the end-to-end latencies to the order of tens of milliseconds. The IEEE 802.1 Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) standard and related research studies have sought to provide link layer support for ULL networking, while the emerging IETF Deterministic Networking (DetNet) standards seek to provide the complementary network layer ULL support. This article provides an up-to-date comprehensive survey of the IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet standards and the related research studies. The survey of these standards and research studies is organized according to the main categories of flow concept, flow synchronization, flow management, flow control, and flow integrity. ULL networking mechanisms play a critical role in the emerging fifth generation (5G) network access chain from wireless devices via access, backhaul, and core networks. We survey the studies that specifically target the support of ULL in 5G networks, with the main categories of fronthaul, backhaul, and network management. Throughout, we identify the pitfalls and limitations of the existing standards and research studies. This survey can thus serve as a basis for the development of standards enhancements and future ULL research studies that address the identified pitfalls and limitations.

show abstract

Section: Flow Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: The IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet Standards and Related 5G ULL Research

Nasrallah

Thyagaturu

Alharbi

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

439

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The work in [23] formulates the joint routing and scheduling problem as an ILP and explores the real limitations by evaluating extensive test cases with widely varying parameters. The work in [24] uses an ILP approach to maximize the resources available for audio-video-bridging and best-effort traffic in TSNs. Although the results obtained by off-the-shelf solvers are optimal or close to optimal, their execution times become unacceptable as the system size increases.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Scheduling of Massive Data in Time Sensitive Networks With a Limited Number of Schedule Entries

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Time sensitive networks support deterministic schedules over Ethernet networks. Due to their high determinism, high reliability and high bandwidth, they have been considered as a good choice for the backbone network of industrial internet of things. In industrial applications, the backbone network connects multiple industrial field networks together and has to carry massive real-time packets. However, the off-theshelf time-sensitive network (TSN) switches can deterministically schedule no more than 1024 real-time flows due to the limited number of schedule table entries. The excess real-time flows have to be delivered by best-effort services because the switch only supports the two scheduling services. The best-effort services can reduce average delay, but cannot guarantee the hard real-time constraints of industrial applications. To make the limited number of schedule table entries support more real-time flows, first, we relax scheduling rules to reduce the requirement for schedule table entries and formulate the process of transmitting packets as a satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) specification. Then, we divide the SMT specification into multiple optimization modulo theories (OMT) specifications so that the execution time of solvers can be reduced to an acceptable range. Second, we propose fast heuristic algorithms that combine schedule tables and packet injection control to eliminate scheduling conflicts. Finally, we conduct extensive evaluations. The evaluation results indicate that, compared to existing algorithms, our proposed algorithm requires only one-twentieth the number of schedule entries to schedule the same flow set. INDEX TERMS Industrial Internet of Things, massive data, real-time scheduling, time sensitive networks.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, these approaches have also been extended to generate gate control list for IEEE 802.1 Qbv networks [16], [25]. Heuristic approaches [12], [26] to scheduling the flows based on the constraint set have been discussed. F. Dürr, et al [27] formalize the schedule synthesis problem as a no-wait packet scheduling problem (NWPSP), and use Tabu search to generate near-optimal solutions.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Gao

2020

IEEE Access

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditionally, industrial networks rely on field bus to support real-time applications. In the trend of industrial internet of things (IIoT), traffic load has increased dramatically, and industrial networks are moving towards time-sensitive networking (TSN), which is based on the widely used Ethernet. In TSN, the time-triggered mechanism is a promising technology for real-time control due to its ability to provide deterministic latency and jitter guarantees. However, this mechanism is mainly based on offline computed schedules, making it difficult to satisfy dynamic requirements in data transmission of IIoT. In this paper, we propose an adaptive group routing and scheduling (AGRS) approach in multicast time-sensitive networks. The framework of this approach contains three phases including pre-processing, schedule synthesis, and post-processing phases. While the pre-processing phase first prunes unnecessary links and adaptively groups qualified complete subgraphs of the network to obtain a simplified topology, the schedule synthesis phase then jointly considers routing and scheduling processes based on the simplified topology to improve schedulability. Finally, the post-processing phase handles the scheduling results of previous phases to generate a feasible schedule. Experiments show that our approach improves schedulability by 68% and reduces execution time by 74% for multicast time-sensitive networks compared with existing approaches. INDEX TERMS Integer linear programming, real-time scheduling, time-sensitive networks.

show abstract

Design optimisation of cyber‐physical distributed systems using IEEE time‐sensitive networks

Cited by 125 publications

References 38 publications

Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: The IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet Standards and Related 5G ULL Research

Ultra-Low Latency (ULL) Networks: The IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet Standards and Related 5G ULL Research

Real-Time Scheduling of Massive Data in Time Sensitive Networks With a Limited Number of Schedule Entries

Adaptive Group Routing and Scheduling in Multicast Time-Sensitive Networks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About