Design of laser-induced graphene electrodes for water splitting

Laser-Induced Graphene as a Cathode Catalyst for Microbial Fuel Cell

“…27,28 Undergoing sulfur doping through poly(ether sulfone) (PES) results in sulfur-doped LIG, showcasing superior electrocatalytic properties attributed to heightened charge storage and the creation of more active catalytic sites via carbon−sulfur interactions. 28,29 This variant of LIG boasts exceptional conductivity and catalytic activity, making it ideal for efficient power generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and presenting a scalable alternative to costly catalysts like platinum. 30,31 The laser-based production technique ensures high-purity graphene with outstanding structural integrity, allowing versatile use of carbon sources, precise property control, and integration into existing manufacturing processes.…”

“…Laser-induced graphene (LIG) represents a distinctive layered form of graphene generated on polymer-based carbonous substrates using a CO 2 laser, offering a reagent-free and straightforward method for graphene production. , Undergoing sulfur doping through poly­(ether sulfone) (PES) results in sulfur-doped LIG, showcasing superior electrocatalytic properties attributed to heightened charge storage and the creation of more active catalytic sites via carbon–sulfur interactions. , This variant of LIG boasts exceptional conductivity and catalytic activity, making it ideal for efficient power generation in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and presenting a scalable alternative to costly catalysts like platinum. , The laser-based production technique ensures high-purity graphene with outstanding structural integrity, allowing versatile use of carbon sources, precise property control, and integration into existing manufacturing processes. , Its rapid and cost-efficient graphene production has led to applications across diverse fields like energy storage, electrocatalysis, water treatment, and sensing due to its unmatched physicochemical properties . Notably, LIG’s antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofouling attributes make it pertinent in energy, environmental, and biomedical domains .…”

Fabrication of Co- and P-Doped Laser-Induced Graphene for Use in Water Splitting Applications

“…24,25 In addition, doping LIG with various noble and transition metals such as Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, and Pd can greatly enhance its electrochemical activity and conductivity while maintaining its porous structure and ease of fabrication. 26,27 In this context, Co-based materials, especially cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ), are particularly important electrocatalysts due to their low cost, high HER activity, good stability in alkaline media, and ability to be grown directly on conductive substrates via electrodeposition. 28−30 Co-based systems have also incorporated P due to its synergetic catalytic interaction.…”

“…LIG is fabricated using the laser carbonization of nonconductive engineering polymers, such as polyimide (PI) and phenolic resins, which break and rearrange the chemical bonds into aromatic compounds. , Using this comparatively simple, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly fabrication process, the resulting LIG has a multilayered 3D graphene structure with excellent porosity, stability, and thermal and electrical conductivity. While LIG itself has only modest catalytic activity, the use of LIG as a support in water-splitting applications has received particular attention due to its beneficial qualities, especially its high specific surface area and chemical stability during electrocatalysis. , In addition, doping LIG with various noble and transition metals such as Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, and Pd can greatly enhance its electrochemical activity and conductivity while maintaining its porous structure and ease of fabrication. , In this context, Co-based materials, especially cobalt oxide (Co 3 O 4 ), are particularly important electrocatalysts due to their low cost, high HER activity, good stability in alkaline media, and ability to be grown directly on conductive substrates via electrodeposition. − Co-based systems have also incorporated P due to its synergetic catalytic interaction. − P- and Co-based systems thus offer dual-catalyst characteristics for both the HER and OER, which is desirable for overall water electrolysis. − …”

Laser-Induced Graphene in Polyimide for Antenna Applications

“…LIG can be produced, when the graphene oxide (GO) reduction process induces the removal of oxygen-containing groups from the GO matrix, the resulting conductive multilayer graphene matrix [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Furthermore, LIG formation can be performed on organic materials such as paper, wood, and food products and various polymers such as PDMS, polyimide, and PEI [5,6,[15][16][17][18][19][20]. In addition, various groups have already applied the LIG process on various materials using different laser sources, such as pulsed 1064 nm, 532 nm, and 355 nm laser irradiation and CO 2 lasers [20][21][22][23][24].…”