Design of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> New Vaccine Candidates with B and T Cell Epitope Mapping, Reverse Vaccinology, and Immunoinformatics

Soltan, Mohamed A.; Magdy, Dalia; Solyman, Samar; Hanora, Amro

doi:10.1089/omi.2019.0183

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Only two proteins (lipopolysaccharide assembly protein LptD and outer membrane protein assembly factor BamA) out of 1615 (the number of all proteins of M. catarrhalis BBH15) were found to be essential, outer membrane localized, virulent, antigenic and non-human homologs, with appropriate molecular weight and an accepted number of transmembrane helices (fewer than two) and, therefore, they were selected to be our vaccine candidates. The same approach has been applied successfully to nominate vaccine candidates in bacterial models such as Staphylococcus aureus [ 34 ] and Shigella flexneri [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Prediction of a Multitope Vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis: Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics

et al. 2021

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Moraxella catarrhalis (M. catarrhalis) is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause serious respiratory tract infections and middle ear infections in children and adults. M. catarrhalis has demonstrated an increasing rate of antibiotic resistance in the last few years, thus development of an effective vaccine is a major health priority. We report here a novel designed multitope vaccine based on the mapped epitopes of the vaccine candidates filtered out of the whole proteome of M. catarrhalis. After analysis of 1615 proteins using a reverse vaccinology approach, only two proteins (outer membrane protein assembly factor BamA and LPS assembly protein LptD) were nominated as potential vaccine candidates. These proteins were found to be essential, outer membrane, virulent and non-human homologs with appropriate molecular weight and high antigenicity score. For each protein, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), helper T lymphocyte (HTL) and B cell lymphocyte (BCL) epitopes were predicted and confirmed to be highly antigenic and cover conserved regions of the proteins. The mapped epitopes constituted the base of the designed multitope vaccine where suitable linkers were added to conjugate them. Additionally, beta defensin adjuvant and pan-HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) peptide were also incorporated into the construct to improve the stimulated immune response. The constructed multitope vaccine was analyzed for its physicochemical, structural and immunological characteristics and it was found to be antigenic, soluble, stable, non-allergenic and have a high affinity to its target receptor. Although the in silico analysis of the current study revealed that the designed multitope vaccine has the ability to trigger a specific immune response against M. catarrhalis, additional translational research is required to confirm the effectiveness of the designed vaccine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Silico Prediction of a Multitope Vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis: Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics

et al. 2021

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“…Finally, S. aureus is one of the normal flora and has the ability to develop several mechanisms for escaping from host immunity particularly opsonophagocytic processes (Fowler et al, 2013;Van Kessel et al, 2014). Soltan et al (2020) reported the use of reverse vaccinology to nominate genes that are surface localized and showed with high antigenicity scores, the nominated genes (16 genes) were screened for presence in a large panel of S. aureus clinical isolates. The genes present in almost all the tested isolated were used further to test their vaccine potential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second nominated gene by Soltan et al (2020) was aur gene; it was detected in large number of S. aureus isolated (96%). In addition to its critical role in S. aureus pathogenesis, aur has a role in S. aureus resistance to innate immunity because it degrades the antimicrobial peptide dermicidin and cathelicidin LL-37 (Beaufort et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An in-silico study Soltan et al (2020) was carried out in the laboratory (College of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Egypt), nominated aur gene to be tested for its potential use as vaccine candidate based on surface location and antigenicity score ( 0.7). Aur gene was tested for presence in a large panel of S. aureus isolates.…”

Section: In Silico Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As reported by Soltan et al (2020), reverse vaccinology approach was used for the selection of potential vaccine gene candidates for S. aureus. Candidate genes were selected based on antigenicity score (antigenicity score < 0.45 were selected) and cellular localization (Only extracellular proteins and cell wall proteins were selected).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Expression, purification and testing of zinc metalloproteinase aureolysin as potential vaccine candidate against Staphylococcus aureus

Solyman¹,

Reda²,

Hanora³

2021

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a versatile bacterium which exhibits multiple antibiotic resistances. To ameliorate the undesirable diseases causing potential, there is a need to design a protective vaccine capable of stimulating immune response against this pathogen. In a similar study in our laboratory, reverse vaccinology approach was used to nominate potential vaccine candidate genes against S. aureus. Zinc Metalloproteinase Aureolysin (aur) gene was one of the nominated genes based on that previously published in-silico study. The objective of this study is the cloning, expression, purification of aur gene and testing the aur protein reactivity with serum antibodies collected from groups of human patients with confirmed Staphylococcal disease. Cloning was done in pH6HTN His6HaloTag® vector and it was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using these conditions; 0.5 mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) for 4 h at 37°C. Purification was carried out by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). The his-tag aur protein was detected at ~86 KDa as a single band after western blot assay and was successfully reacted with antibodies obtained from humans infected with S. aureus. The results encourage further testing of aur protein as a potential vaccine candidate for S. aureus.

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Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

Gopikrishnan,

Haryini,

2024

J Basic Microbiol

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In recent years, antibiotic therapy has encountered significant challenges due to the rapid emergence of multidrug resistance among bacteria responsible for life‐threatening illnesses, creating uncertainty about the future management of infectious diseases. The escalation of antimicrobial resistance in the post‐COVID era compared to the pre‐COVID era has raised global concern. The prevalence of nosocomial‐related infections, especially outbreaks of drug‐resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, have been reported worldwide, with India being a notable hotspot for such occurrences. Various virulence factors and mutations characterize nosocomial infections involving S. aureus. The lack of proper alternative treatments leading to increased drug resistance emphasizes the need to investigate and examine recent research to combat future pandemics. In the current genomics era, the application of advanced technologies such as next‐generation sequencing (NGS), machine learning (ML), and quantum computing (QC) for genomic analysis and resistance prediction has significantly increased the pace of diagnosing drug‐resistant pathogens and insights into genetic intricacies. Despite prompt diagnosis, the elimination of drug‐resistant infections remains unattainable in the absence of effective alternative therapies. Researchers are exploring various alternative therapeutic approaches, including phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, photodynamic therapy, vaccines, host‐directed therapies, and more. The proposed review mainly focuses on the resistance journey of S. aureus over the past decade, detailing its resistance mechanisms, prevalence in the subcontinent, innovations in rapid diagnosis of the drug‐resistant strains, including the applicants of NGS and ML application along with QC, it helps to design alternative novel therapeutics approaches against S. aureus infection.

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Design of Staphylococcus aureus New Vaccine Candidates with B and T Cell Epitope Mapping, Reverse Vaccinology, and Immunoinformatics

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

In Silico Prediction of a Multitope Vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis: Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics

In Silico Prediction of a Multitope Vaccine against Moraxella catarrhalis: Reverse Vaccinology and Immunoinformatics

Expression, purification and testing of zinc metalloproteinase aureolysin as potential vaccine candidate against Staphylococcus aureus

Emerging strategies and therapeutic innovations for combating drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains: A comprehensive review

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