Design of Highly Efficient Wideband RF Polar Transmitters Using the Envelope-Tracking Technique

Lopez, Jerry; Li, Yan; Popp, J.D.; Lie, Donald Y. C.; Chuang, Chia-Chang; Chen, K.; Wu, Sheng-Tsai; Yang, Tzu-Yin; Ma, Gin-Kou

doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2022669

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…We will focus on the supply modulation techniques in this section, while discussing some more broadband Doherty 5G PA techniques in the next section to conclude. Figure 12 shows a simplified transmitter block diagram using the envelope-tracking (ET) technique for supply modulation to improve PAE at power back-off [32]. The design uses a linear-assisted envelope modulator (EM, also known as envelope amplifier), where the RF input signal into the PA contains both AM (amplitude modulation) and PM (phase modulation) components.…”

Section: With Dynamic Supply Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to improve on the envelopetracking bandwidth of an ET-PA above 100-500 MHz (note the envelope bandwidth is at least twice greater than the RF signal bandwidth due to the nonlinear -to polar transformation [32,33,38]), we can also take advantage of the faster GaN devices for the broadband supply modulator design. For example, a recent study reports that a buck converter (i.e., a "switcher") can be integrated with gate drivers in a Qorvo 0.15 m RF GaN-on silicon carbide (SiC) technology, which have demonstrated over 90% peak efficiency at up to 200 MHz switching frequency and supply up to 15 Watt peak power [39].…”

Section: With Dynamic Supply Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of 5G Power Amplifier Design at cm-Wave and mm-Wave Frequencies

Lie

Mayeda

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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The 5G wireless revolution presents some dramatic challenges to the design of handsets and communication infrastructures, as 5G targets higher than 10 Gbps download speed using millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) spectrum with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, connecting densely deployed wireless devices for Internet-of-Everything (IoE), and very small latency time for ultrareliable machine type communication, etc. The broadband modulation bandwidth for 5G RF transmitters (i.e., maximum possibly even above 1 GHz) demands high-power efficiency and stringent linearity from its power amplifier (PA). Additionally, the phased-array MIMO antennas with numerous RF front-ends (RFFEs) will require unprecedented high integration level with low cost, making the design of 5G PA one of the most challenging tasks. As the centimeter-wave (cm-Wave) 5G systems will probably be deployed on the market earlier than their mm-Wave counterparts, we will review in this paper the latest development on 15 GHz and 28 GHz 5G cm-Wave PAs extensively, while also covering some key mm-Wave PAs in the literature. Our review will focus on the available options of device technologies, novel circuit and system architectures, and efficiency enhancement techniques at power back-off for 5G PA design.

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Section: With Dynamic Supply Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: With Dynamic Supply Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of 5G Power Amplifier Design at cm-Wave and mm-Wave Frequencies

Lie

Mayeda

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…Polar is a good choice for the goal. Polar transmitters can achieve high power efficiency and good linearity and become growing popular in modern wireless systems [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polar Transmitter with Differential DSM Phase and Digital PWM Envelope

Zhou

Liu²

2014

JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science

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Abstract-A low-power low-cost polar transmitter for EDGE is designed in 0.18µm CMOS. A differential delta-sigma modulator (DSM) tunes a three-terminal voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to perform RF phase modulation, where the VCO tuning curve is digitally pre-compensated for high linearity and the carrier frequency is calibrated by a dual-mode lowpower frequency-locked loop (FLL). A digital intermediate-frequency (IF) pulse-width modulator (PWM) drives a complementary power-switch followed by an LC filter to achieve envelope modulation with high efficiency. The proposed transmitter with 9mW power dissipation relaxes the time alignment between the phase and envelope modulations, and achieves an error vector magnitude (EVM) of 4% and phase noise of −123dBc/Hz at 400kHz offset frequency.

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“…However, increasing the sampling rate increases the power consumption significantly. Another approach introduces extra undesired analog filters prior to the power amplifier in order to suppress the out-of-band noise [5]. These analog filters make the polar transmitter less energy efficient.Thus there is a need to have an algorithm which solves the out-of-band noise problem without introducing extra analog components and without increasing the sampling frequency of DCO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oversampled Digital-to-Analog Converter for noise reduction in polar transmitters

Ibrahim

Yang

Menkhoff

2014

2014 12th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP)

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Polar transmitters suffer from the problem of having high out-of-band noise. To solve this problem, most of the proposed solutions rely on increasing the sampling rate of the phase branch. In this paper, we present a novel method based on processing the digital radius signal in order to reduce the out-of-band noise. The proposed method modifies the output of the Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) in order to overcome the distortions introduced in the phase branch of the polar transmitter. By moving one part of the phase information to the radius path, the implementation of the phase branch can be simplified significantly while the out-of-band noise is reduced and the harmonics are attenuated. 1

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Design of Highly Efficient Wideband RF Polar Transmitters Using the Envelope-Tracking Technique

Cited by 64 publications

References 44 publications

A Review of 5G Power Amplifier Design at cm-Wave and mm-Wave Frequencies

A Review of 5G Power Amplifier Design at cm-Wave and mm-Wave Frequencies

Polar Transmitter with Differential DSM Phase and Digital PWM Envelope

Oversampled Digital-to-Analog Converter for noise reduction in polar transmitters

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