“…5 To provide the plants with light, high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps, and fluorescent lamps, among others, have been successively used as indoor light sources for plant factories. 6 Traditional indoor light sources, on the other hand, have drawbacks such as energy waste, short lifespan, and a low proportion of red and blue light. Red phosphorconverted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs) have emerged as a research hotspot among many schemes due to their high brightness, high efficiency and long lifespan.…”