2009
DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.013425
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Design of High Efficiency Multi-GHz SiGe HBT Electro-Optic Modulator

Abstract: We design and theoretically analyze a heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) electro-optic (EO) modulator with a composition graded SiGe base. The waveguide has a large cross-section of 1 microm for ease of fiber alignment. At a base-emitter bias of V BE = 2.5 V, a pi-phase shift requires 74.5 microm interaction length for TM polarization at lambda = 1.55 microm. The total optical attenuation is 3.9 dB to achieve a pi-phase shift in this condition. This device is expected to operate at a switching speed of 2.… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(4 citation statements)
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References 28 publications
(29 reference statements)
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“…Due to tight optical mode confinement in the HBT waveguide, the optical mode profile has almost negligible change as the carrier density varies with the bias voltage at V BE . This is apparently different from large dimension HBT waveguide [2]. The relatively complex HBT waveguide structure poses a concern of possible polarization mixing which would cause extinction ratio penalty as the optical wave travels along the waveguide.…”
Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Due to tight optical mode confinement in the HBT waveguide, the optical mode profile has almost negligible change as the carrier density varies with the bias voltage at V BE . This is apparently different from large dimension HBT waveguide [2]. The relatively complex HBT waveguide structure poses a concern of possible polarization mixing which would cause extinction ratio penalty as the optical wave travels along the waveguide.…”
Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…When the SiGe waveguide is implemented in SOI, the effective refractive index of the waveguide layer can be increased, which means that device sizes and losses can be decreased. The size of the waveguide also becomes smaller and smaller with decreasing feature size of the electronic device, and the cross-section dimension of the SiGe optical waveguide has been reached at a micro-nano level [8,9]. The development of the SiGe heterostructure devices has resulted in the SiGe/Si heterojunction optical waveguide having no doping, and its loss being very low [10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Numerous photonic devices utilize integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) to achieve phase-to-intensity conversion, such as electro-optic (EO) modulators [1][2][3] and bio-sensors [4,5]. For a fixed voltage swing, the waveguide length L π for which a π phase-difference occurs between the two MZI arms can be used to characterize the device efficiency [6]. Incorporation of slow light effects in the MZI is a practical and effective way to improve device efficiency and reduce power consumption.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%