“…Iron, cobalt, and nickel, generally under alloys (e.g., FeCo, FePt, CoPt, and FePd), oxides (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , and MnO), and ferrite nanoparticles (MnFe 2 O 4 , NiFe 2 O 4 , and ZnFe 2 O 4 ) or composites (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 –linoleic acid) have been reported for diverse applications [ 106 , 107 ], although Fe 3 O 4 and γFe 2 O 3 nanoparticles are the mostly utilized iron oxide nanoparticles because of their superparamagnetism, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity [ 108 , 109 ]. The superparamagnetic characteristic of these nanoparticles means that in the absence of an external magnetic field, they lose magnetic momentum, becoming non-magnetic, but a mean magnetic momentum appears if an external field is applied.…”